{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2342876677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2015.2509991","title":"Security Assessment of Cyberphysical Digital Microfluidic Biochips","display_name":"Security Assessment of Cyberphysical Digital Microfluidic Biochips","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2342876677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2015.2509991","mag":"2342876677","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26701892"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcbb.2015.2509991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2015.2509991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36029991","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1545-5963","issn":["1545-5963","1557-9964","2374-0043"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039350964","display_name":"Sk Subidh Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-4455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120250893","display_name":"New York University Abu Dhabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00e5k0821","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120250893","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sk Subidh Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120250893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103233588","display_name":"Mohamed Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0278-4040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, NC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059987567","display_name":"Ozgur Sinanoglu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0782-0397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120250893","display_name":"New York University Abu Dhabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00e5k0821","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120250893","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ozgur Sinanoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120250893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033880864","display_name":"Krishnendu Chakrabarty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4475-6435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krishnendu Chakrabarty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, NC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059648257","display_name":"Ramesh Karri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7989-5617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramesh Karri","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039350964"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120250893"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2153,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94612584,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"445","last_page":"458"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11407","display_name":"Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10412","display_name":"Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochip","display_name":"Biochip","score":0.9486823081970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microfluidics","display_name":"Microfluidics","score":0.607340931892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-microfluidics","display_name":"Digital microfluidics","score":0.5949565172195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49504104256629944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-polymerase-chain-reaction","display_name":"Digital polymerase chain reaction","score":0.49298641085624695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.389224112033844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.35750335454940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3330059051513672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.11578240990638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.10788363218307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.09874054789543152}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87892846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864256","display_name":"Biochip","level":2,"score":0.9486823081970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8673954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138845","display_name":"Microfluidics","level":2,"score":0.607340931892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92444450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276112","display_name":"Digital microfluidics","level":4,"score":0.5949565172195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49504104256629944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48126324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276136","display_name":"Digital polymerase chain reaction","level":4,"score":0.49298641085624695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.389224112033844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.35750335454940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3330059051513672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.11578240990638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10788363218307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.09874054789543152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49105822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779673822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907239","display_name":"Electrowetting","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003491","descriptor_name":"Cybernetics","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003491","descriptor_name":"Cybernetics","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003491","descriptor_name":"Cybernetics","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046210","descriptor_name":"Microfluidic Analytical Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046210","descriptor_name":"Microfluidic Analytical Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046210","descriptor_name":"Microfluidic Analytical Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcbb.2015.2509991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2015.2509991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36029991","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1545-5963","issn":["1545-5963","1557-9964","2374-0043"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26701892","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26701892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313203","display_name":"New York University Abu Dhabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00e5k0821"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482904086","https://openalex.org/W1603428277","https://openalex.org/W1902734869","https://openalex.org/W1909235131","https://openalex.org/W1983100991","https://openalex.org/W1988889038","https://openalex.org/W1997199359","https://openalex.org/W2000972311","https://openalex.org/W2006861192","https://openalex.org/W2012032225","https://openalex.org/W2018208873","https://openalex.org/W2026242786","https://openalex.org/W2029481052","https://openalex.org/W2042181447","https://openalex.org/W2045707727","https://openalex.org/W2059465300","https://openalex.org/W2086187432","https://openalex.org/W2093154965","https://openalex.org/W2093439000","https://openalex.org/W2105755452","https://openalex.org/W2106375434","https://openalex.org/W2108056720","https://openalex.org/W2113162124","https://openalex.org/W2122651297","https://openalex.org/W2127538459","https://openalex.org/W2128276040","https://openalex.org/W2128427912","https://openalex.org/W2132670485","https://openalex.org/W2134857074","https://openalex.org/W2142581655","https://openalex.org/W2145548455","https://openalex.org/W2145666930","https://openalex.org/W2147820467","https://openalex.org/W2149700305","https://openalex.org/W2166910382","https://openalex.org/W2172157018","https://openalex.org/W2215720378","https://openalex.org/W3011891279","https://openalex.org/W6636316424","https://openalex.org/W6681284244","https://openalex.org/W6684583538"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2074654211","https://openalex.org/W2593620286","https://openalex.org/W4235248979","https://openalex.org/W2624661525","https://openalex.org/W2791832251","https://openalex.org/W2029481052","https://openalex.org/W1966788972","https://openalex.org/W2757330072","https://openalex.org/W2738065864","https://openalex.org/W1834829329"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,23],"digital":[1,147],"microfluidic":[2,148],"biochip":[3],"(DMFB)":[4],"is":[5],"an":[6],"emerging":[7],"technology":[8],"that":[9,60,154],"enables":[10],"miniaturized":[11],"analysis":[12,36],"systems":[13],"for":[14,171],"point-of-care":[15],"clinical":[16],"diagnostics,":[17],"DNA":[18],"sequencing,":[19],"and":[20,30,33,95,161],"environmental":[21],"monitoring.":[22],"DMFB":[24,59,74],"reduces":[25],"the":[26,35,44,48,63,83,86,89,92,98,102,105,109,113,122,126,133,138,155,169],"rate":[27],"of":[28,37,47,51,91,112],"sample":[29,94],"reagent":[31],"consumption,":[32],"automates":[34],"assays.":[38],"In":[39,82,101],"this":[40,166],"paper,":[41],"we":[42],"provide":[43],"first":[45,84],"assessment":[46],"security":[49],"vulnerabilities":[50],"DMFBs.":[52,178],"We":[53,116,141],"identify":[54,118],"result-manipulation":[55,68],"attacks":[56,69,144,156],"on":[57,72,80],"a":[58,73,146],"maliciously":[61],"alter":[62],"assay":[64,79,114,127],"outcomes.":[65],"Two":[66],"practical":[67],"are":[70,157],"shown":[71],"platform":[75],"performing":[76],"enzymatic":[77],"glucose":[78,93],"serum.":[81],"attack,":[85,104],"attacker":[87,106,123],"adjusts":[88],"concentration":[90],"thereby":[96],"modifies":[97],"final":[99],"result.":[100],"second":[103],"tampers":[107],"with":[108,132,137],"calibration":[110],"curve":[111],"operation.":[115],"then":[117],"denial-of-service":[119],"attacks,":[120],"where":[121],"can":[124],"disrupt":[125],"operation":[128],"by":[129],"tampering":[130],"either":[131],"droplet-routing":[134],"algorithm":[135],"or":[136],"actuation":[139],"sequence.":[140],"demonstrate":[142],"these":[143],"using":[145],"synthesis":[149],"simulator.":[150],"The":[151],"results":[152],"show":[153],"easy":[158],"to":[159,163],"implement":[160],"hard":[162],"detect.":[164],"Therefore,":[165],"work":[167],"highlights":[168],"need":[170],"effective":[172],"protections":[173],"against":[174],"malicious":[175],"modifications":[176],"in":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}