{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404132956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcasai.2024.3493035","title":"EncodingNet: A Novel Encoding-Based MAC Design for Efficient Neural Network Acceleration","display_name":"EncodingNet: A Novel Encoding-Based MAC Design for Efficient Neural Network Acceleration","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404132956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcasai.2024.3493035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcasai.2024.3493035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcasai.2024.3493035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404675360","display_name":"IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for artificial intelligence.","issn_l":"2996-6647","issn":["2996-6647"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100461774","display_name":"Bo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4773-2005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Electronic Design Automation, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4773-2005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Electronic Design Automation, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100451231","display_name":"Bing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9752-7201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206895457","display_name":"University of Siegen","ror":"https://ror.org/02azyry73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206895457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Integrated Systems Group, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9752-7201","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Integrated Systems Group, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206895457"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070194930","display_name":"Grace Li Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8289-9288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grace Li Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Group of Hardware for Artificial Intelligence, Technical University of Darmstdat, Darmstadt, Germany","research group of Hardware for Artificial Intelligence, Technical University of Darmstdat, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8289-9288","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Group of Hardware for Artificial Intelligence, Technical University of Darmstdat, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"research group of Hardware for Artificial Intelligence, Technical University of Darmstdat, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071383109","display_name":"Xunzhao Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4656-9545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xunzhao Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4656-9545","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054211420","display_name":"Cheng Zhuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2610-7522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Zhuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2610-7522","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017567485","display_name":"Ulf Schlichtmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4431-7619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulf Schlichtmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Electronic Design Automation, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4431-7619","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Electronic Design Automation, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100461774"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17317155,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"164","last_page":"177"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9592999815940857,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.6636491417884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6472914814949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.637729287147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5729306936264038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.36976325511932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15256166458129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.03972598910331726}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.6636491417884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6472914814949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.637729287147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5729306936264038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.36976325511932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15256166458129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.03972598910331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcasai.2024.3493035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcasai.2024.3493035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404675360","display_name":"IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for artificial intelligence.","issn_l":"2996-6647","issn":["2996-6647"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1774815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1774815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6343518119","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"504518248","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338208","display_name":"International Graduate School of Science and Engineering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589720045","https://openalex.org/W1983849809","https://openalex.org/W1998025025","https://openalex.org/W2026445983","https://openalex.org/W2094433672","https://openalex.org/W2117489143","https://openalex.org/W2153691819","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2418533992","https://openalex.org/W2533121491","https://openalex.org/W2540279855","https://openalex.org/W2593564159","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2612139336","https://openalex.org/W2782069613","https://openalex.org/W2901295171","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2966361623","https://openalex.org/W3013918852","https://openalex.org/W3023192521","https://openalex.org/W3047337501","https://openalex.org/W3093826489","https://openalex.org/W3137147200","https://openalex.org/W3184606595","https://openalex.org/W3204647170","https://openalex.org/W3209504977","https://openalex.org/W3211973197","https://openalex.org/W3212679402","https://openalex.org/W4205466434","https://openalex.org/W4206423823","https://openalex.org/W4220829081","https://openalex.org/W4256202811","https://openalex.org/W4280517193","https://openalex.org/W4283704460","https://openalex.org/W4302208084","https://openalex.org/W4313839272","https://openalex.org/W4382700872","https://openalex.org/W4386763937","https://openalex.org/W4394897047","https://openalex.org/W4399487325","https://openalex.org/W6601734986","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6690026940","https://openalex.org/W6696798448","https://openalex.org/W6762376514","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6778883912"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"neural":[1,100,200],"networks":[2,201],"(DNNs)":[3],"have":[4],"achieved":[5],"great":[6],"breakthroughs":[7],"in":[8,116,134],"many":[9],"fields":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12,147,149],"image":[13],"classification":[14],"and":[15,35,89,126,159,167,182],"natural":[16],"language":[17],"processing.":[18],"However,":[19],"the":[20,60,70,80,90,103,113,117,135,173,183,196,199],"execution":[21],"of":[22,29,79,175,185,188,198,211],"DNNs":[23,190],"needs":[24],"to":[25,68,130,142,180,193],"conduct":[26],"massive":[27],"numbers":[28],"multiply-accumulate":[30],"(MAC)":[31],"operations":[32],"on":[33,54,217],"hardware":[34],"thus":[36],"incurs":[37],"a":[38,48,73,109,143],"large":[39],"power":[40,151,186],"consumption.":[41],"To":[42],"address":[43],"this":[44,57,212],"challenge,":[45],"we":[46],"propose":[47],"novel":[49],"digital":[50],"MAC":[51,136],"design":[52,155],"based":[53],"encoding.":[55],"In":[56],"new":[58,81],"design,":[59],"multipliers":[61,82],"are":[62,83,93],"replaced":[63,107],"by":[64,85,108,161,178,191],"simple":[65,110],"logic":[66,111],"gates":[67],"represent":[69],"results":[71,92,171],"with":[72,95,219],"wide":[74],"bit":[75],"representation.":[76],"The":[77,153,169,207],"outputs":[78],"added":[84],"bit-wise":[86],"weighted":[87],"accumulation":[88,91],"compatible":[94],"existing":[96],"computing":[97],"platforms":[98],"accelerating":[99],"networks.":[101],"Since":[102],"multiplication":[104],"function":[105],"is":[106],"representation,":[112],"critical":[114],"paths":[115],"resulting":[118],"circuits":[119],"become":[120],"much":[121],"shorter.":[122],"Correspondingly,":[123],"pipelining":[124],"stages":[125],"intermediate":[127],"registers":[128],"used":[129],"store":[131],"partial":[132],"sums":[133],"array":[137],"can":[138,202,214],"be":[139,204,215],"reduced,":[140],"leading":[141],"significantly":[144],"smaller":[145],"area":[146,177],"well":[148,205],"better":[150],"efficiency.":[152],"proposed":[154],"has":[156],"been":[157],"synthesized":[158],"verified":[160],"ResNet18-Cifar10,":[162],"ResNet20-Cifar100,":[163],"ResNet50-ImageNet,":[164],"MobileNetV2-Cifar10,":[165],"MobileNetV2-Cifar100,":[166],"EfficientNetB0-ImageNet.":[168],"experimental":[170],"confirmed":[172],"reduction":[174,184],"circuit":[176],"up":[179,192],"48.79%":[181],"consumption":[187],"executing":[189],"64.41%,":[194],"while":[195],"accuracy":[197],"still":[203],"maintained.":[206],"open":[208],"source":[209],"code":[210],"work":[213],"found":[216],"GitHub":[218],"link":[220],"\u201c<uri":[221],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[222],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">https://github.com/Bo-Liu-TUM/EncodingNet/</uri>\u201d.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
