{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401568014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcasai.2024.3443770","title":"A 22 nm 10.03-237.99 TOPS/W Time-Digital-Hybrid SRAM Compute-in-Memory AI Accelerator for GNN Edge Device Applications","display_name":"A 22 nm 10.03-237.99 TOPS/W Time-Digital-Hybrid SRAM Compute-in-Memory AI Accelerator for GNN Edge Device Applications","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401568014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcasai.2024.3443770"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcasai.2024.3443770","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcasai.2024.3443770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404675360","display_name":"IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for artificial intelligence.","issn_l":"2996-6647","issn":["2996-6647"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004072847","display_name":"Chuan-Jia Jhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7599-495X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chuan-Jia Jhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7599-495X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083012416","display_name":"Win-San Khwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6283-3564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120917","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Win-San Khwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6283-3564","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078883908","display_name":"Ping-Chun Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120917","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping-Chun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan","Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8481-3012","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040695095","display_name":"Ashwin Sanjay Lele","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334877674","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02rvfjx92","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334877674","https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashwin Sanjay Lele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-905X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334877674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102375542","display_name":"Ping-Sheng Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120917","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping-Sheng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan","Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7825-9599","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004009411","display_name":"Chao-En Ke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao-En Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2961-7832","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108908048","display_name":"Ting-Chien Chiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting-Chien Chiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3905-6266","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108536355","display_name":"Yu-Cheng Hung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Cheng Hung","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2353-917X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wei-Ting Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8284-8995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Ting Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8284-8995","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109900627","display_name":"Junming Hsu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun-Ming Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7126-4275","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104257199","display_name":"Chiao-Yen Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiao-Yen Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4898-2537","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yu-Chen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8079-9087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Chen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8079-9087","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102085839","display_name":"Jui-Jen Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120917","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jui-Jen Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6161-3539","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023225287","display_name":"Meng\u2010Fan Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6905-6350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng-Fan Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6905-6350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":14,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004072847"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4006,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60638973,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"15","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tops","display_name":"TOPS","score":0.856783390045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.7895801067352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.7121991515159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5050914883613586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.30537155270576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22451889514923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1579493284225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.08456048369407654}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777675136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835642","display_name":"TOPS","level":3,"score":0.856783390045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.7895801067352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.7121991515159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5050914883613586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.30537155270576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22451889514923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1579493284225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08456048369407654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcasai.2024.3443770","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcasai.2024.3443770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404675360","display_name":"IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for artificial intelligence.","issn_l":"2996-6647","issn":["2996-6647"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153959628","https://openalex.org/W2162630660","https://openalex.org/W2168190036","https://openalex.org/W2790511620","https://openalex.org/W2794288888","https://openalex.org/W2900470550","https://openalex.org/W2921013323","https://openalex.org/W2921329602","https://openalex.org/W2922487710","https://openalex.org/W2990797940","https://openalex.org/W3015432327","https://openalex.org/W3016014942","https://openalex.org/W3016021860","https://openalex.org/W3083169979","https://openalex.org/W3091862797","https://openalex.org/W3097655915","https://openalex.org/W3112668161","https://openalex.org/W3133754064","https://openalex.org/W3134195144","https://openalex.org/W3134526034","https://openalex.org/W3139521791","https://openalex.org/W3185576717","https://openalex.org/W4200611376","https://openalex.org/W4212888381","https://openalex.org/W4220882094","https://openalex.org/W4220929376","https://openalex.org/W4220958508","https://openalex.org/W4221039638","https://openalex.org/W4221086307","https://openalex.org/W4221118949","https://openalex.org/W4360605483","https://openalex.org/W4360605730","https://openalex.org/W4360605785","https://openalex.org/W4360605969","https://openalex.org/W4360606474","https://openalex.org/W4360606782","https://openalex.org/W4376134101","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6754929296","https://openalex.org/W6756561102"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2811109569","https://openalex.org/W2385933648","https://openalex.org/W2381557761","https://openalex.org/W4231398535","https://openalex.org/W4245680303","https://openalex.org/W1996292569","https://openalex.org/W4210522299","https://openalex.org/W2043153436"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"utilization":[1],"of":[2,37,82,94,124,131,144],"CNN-based":[3],"accelerators":[4],"for":[5],"graph":[6],"neural":[7],"network":[8],"(GNN)":[9],"applications":[10],"faces":[11],"two":[12,63],"major":[13],"challenges:":[14],"the":[15,23,59,73,80,92,137],"energy":[16,113,122,142],"consumption":[17],"from":[18],"redundant":[19],"data":[20,74],"movements":[21],"and":[22,79,97,136],"inefficiency":[24],"in":[25,50,147],"reusing":[26],"multiply-and-accumulate":[27],"(MAC)":[28],"computing.":[29],"These":[30],"inadequacies":[31],"fail":[32],"to":[33,46,71,89,107],"take":[34],"full":[35],"advantage":[36],"SRAM":[38],"compute-in-memory":[39],"(CIM)":[40],"which":[41],"is":[42],"a":[43,102,128],"promising":[44],"solution":[45],"perform":[47],"MAC":[48,83,95],"operations":[49,96],"artificial":[51],"intelligence":[52],"(AI)":[53],"edge":[54],"devices.":[55],"This":[56],"work":[57],"overcomes":[58],"abovementioned":[60],"challenges":[61],"by":[62],"chip-level":[64],"schemes:":[65],"1)":[66],"Neighbor-based":[67],"Input-Sparsity-Aware":[68],"Weight-Filtering":[69],"(NISA-WF)":[70],"reduce":[72],"movement,":[75],"on-chip":[76],"memory":[77],"capacity":[78],"number":[81,93],"operations;":[84],"2)":[85],"Repeated-Neighbor-Aware":[86],"MAC-reuse":[87],"(RNA-MACR)":[88],"further":[90],"suppress":[91],"computing":[98],"latency.":[99],"We":[100],"implemented":[101],"time-digital-hybrid":[103],"(TDH)":[104],"SRAM-CIM":[105,139],"design":[106],"achieve":[108],"high":[109],"accuracy":[110,133],"without":[111],"compromising":[112],"efficiency.":[114],"A":[115],"fabricated":[116],"22nm":[117],"AI":[118],"accelerator":[119],"chip":[120],"achieved":[121,141],"efficiency":[123,143],"10.03-237.99":[125],"TOPS/W":[126,146],"with":[127],"negligible":[129],"loss":[130],"inference":[132],"(<":[134],"0.3%)":[135],"TDH":[138],"macro":[140],"20.07-761.57":[145],"8b":[148],"mode":[149],"across":[150],"various":[151],"GNN":[152],"datasets.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}