{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7080290936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3607132","title":"On the Evaluation of FPGA-Based Physical Unclonable Functions","display_name":"On the Evaluation of FPGA-Based Physical Unclonable Functions","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7080290936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3607132"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2025.3607132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3607132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3607132","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Daniele Lombardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Lombardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-1793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mario Barbareschi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1417-6328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Barbareschi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1417-6328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Valentina Casola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0964-7014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valentina Casola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0964-7014","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Elena Ioana Vatajelu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4588-1812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128684","display_name":"Laboratoire des Technologies de la Micro\u00e9lectronique","ror":"https://ror.org/036zswm25","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I3020098449","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210128684","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Ioana Vatajelu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNRS, Grenoble INP, Techniques of Informatics and Microelectronics for Integrated Systems Architecture Laboratory, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4588-1812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS, Grenoble INP, Techniques of Informatics and Microelectronics for Integrated Systems Architecture Laboratory, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128684","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Giorgio Di Natale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8063-5388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128684","display_name":"Laboratoire des Technologies de la Micro\u00e9lectronique","ror":"https://ror.org/036zswm25","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I3020098449","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210128684","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giorgio Di Natale","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNRS, Grenoble INP, Techniques of Informatics and Microelectronics for Integrated Systems Architecture Laboratory, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8063-5388","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS, Grenoble INP, Techniques of Informatics and Microelectronics for Integrated Systems Architecture Laboratory, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128684","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46157989,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"4","first_page":"2055","last_page":"2068"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.4018000066280365,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.4018000066280365,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13177","display_name":"Geological and Geophysical Studies","score":0.05270000174641609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13067","display_name":"Geological Modeling and Analysis","score":0.027400000020861626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.7050999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-unclonable-function","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","score":0.6722999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5813999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4641999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.35839998722076416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.7050999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8643368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4046262","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","level":3,"score":0.6722999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6071000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5813999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4641999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.373199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.3296999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116672817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1454986","display_name":"Physical system","level":2,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776157020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851598","display_name":"Physical security","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2025.3607132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3607132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05261967v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05261967","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05261967/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 2025, &#x27E8;10.1109/TCAD.2025.3607132&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2025.3607132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3607132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4850598871707916}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309590","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313985","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322523","display_name":"Seconda Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322892","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323512","display_name":"Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04rbvc675"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physical":[0],"Unclonable":[1],"Functions":[2],"(PUFs)":[3],"have":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6,100],"a":[7,58,69,82,105],"promising":[8],"hardware":[9],"security":[10,141],"solution,":[11],"offering":[12],"robust":[13],"capabilities":[14],"for":[15,32,72],"unique":[16],"device":[17],"identification":[18],"and":[19,48,92,102,125,137,147],"authentication.":[20],"Their":[21],"seamless":[22],"integration,":[23],"particularly":[24],"in":[25],"FPGA-based":[26,77],"implementations,":[27],"makes":[28],"them":[29],"especially":[30],"appealing":[31],"resource-constrained":[33],"devices.":[34,62,110],"However,":[35],"their":[36,144],"widespread":[37],"adoption":[38],"is":[39],"hindered":[40],"by":[41],"the":[42,73,89,112,115,123],"inherent":[43],"challenges":[44],"of":[45,61,76,85,95,108,118,127],"conducting":[46],"systematic":[47],"fair":[49],"evaluation":[50],"that":[51,87],"considers":[52],"on-chip":[53],"experimental":[54],"data":[55],"coming":[56],"from":[57],"large":[59],"population":[60],"To":[63],"address":[64],"these":[65],"challenges,":[66],"we":[67],"propose":[68],"novel":[70],"evaluation-system":[71],"automated":[74],"characterization":[75],"PUFs.":[78],"This":[79,131],"system":[80,113],"provides":[81],"comprehensive":[83],"suite":[84],"tools":[86],"enable":[88],"efficient":[90],"assessment":[91],"detailed":[93],"analysis":[94],"key":[96],"PUF":[97,119,129],"properties,":[98],"such":[99],"uniqueness":[101],"reliability,":[103],"across":[104],"substantial":[106],"number":[107],"physical":[109],"Furthermore,":[111],"supports":[114],"whole":[116],"lifecycle":[117],"development,":[120],"encompassing":[121],"both":[122],"design":[124],"implementation":[126],"diverse":[128],"architectures.":[130],"allows":[132],"end-users":[133],"to":[134],"explore,":[135],"optimize,":[136],"seamlessly":[138],"integrate":[139],"PUF-based":[140],"features":[142],"into":[143],"electronic":[145],"systems":[146],"applications.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-24T05:59:24.953642","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
