{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413678027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3602737","title":"Efficient FRW Transitions via Stochastic Finite Differences for Handling Non-Stratified Dielectrics","display_name":"Efficient FRW Transitions via Stochastic Finite Differences for Handling Non-Stratified Dielectrics","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413678027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3602737"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2025.3602737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3602737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015867887","display_name":"Jiechen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-1829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132990","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryptology","ror":"https://ror.org/02pn5rj08","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiechen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, BNRist, State Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Digital Economy Security, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Dept. Computer Science & Tech., BNRist, State Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Digital Economy Security, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-1829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, BNRist, State Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Digital Economy Security, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Computer Science & Tech., BNRist, State Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Digital Economy Security, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053437305","display_name":"Wenjian Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4897-7251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132990","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryptology","ror":"https://ror.org/02pn5rj08","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjian Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, BNRist, State Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Digital Economy Security, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Dept. Computer Science & Tech., BNRist, State Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Digital Economy Security, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4897-7251","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, BNRist, State Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Digital Economy Security, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Computer Science & Tech., BNRist, State Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Digital Economy Security, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18006234,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"4","first_page":"1746","last_page":"1750"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.897599995136261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.897599995136261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.8629000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.8590999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/friedmann\u2013lema\u00eetre\u2013robertson\u2013walker-metric","display_name":"Friedmann\u2013Lema\u00eetre\u2013Robertson\u2013Walker metric","score":0.651920735836029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.6031890511512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stratified-sampling","display_name":"Stratified sampling","score":0.5656535029411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.46799251437187195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3992730677127838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.3400805592536926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.28864842653274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.21251165866851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.1330263912677765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30864177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q742982","display_name":"Friedmann\u2013Lema\u00eetre\u2013Robertson\u2013Walker metric","level":3,"score":0.651920735836029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.6031890511512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49898467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1517706","display_name":"Stratified sampling","level":2,"score":0.5656535029411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.46799251437187195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3992730677127838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.3400805592536926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.28864842653274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.21251165866851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1330263912677765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84999194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1","display_name":"Universe","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2025.3602737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3602737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G558914248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z220003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503699429","https://openalex.org/W231224104","https://openalex.org/W2057552478","https://openalex.org/W2592998879","https://openalex.org/W4283816519","https://openalex.org/W2017798539","https://openalex.org/W2000670640","https://openalex.org/W2153614775","https://openalex.org/W1975974245","https://openalex.org/W1570758981"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"accuracy":[1,31,132],"of":[2,32,83],"floating-random-walk":[3],"(FRW)":[4],"based":[5],"capacitance":[6,92],"extraction":[7],"stands":[8],"only":[9],"when":[10],"the":[11,30,106,110,115],"recursive":[12],"FRW":[13,34,56,136],"transitions":[14,57],"are":[15],"sampled":[16],"unbiasedly":[17],"according":[18],"to":[19,71],"surrounding":[20],"dielectrics.":[21],"Advanced":[22],"technology":[23],"profiles,":[24],"featuring":[25],"complicated":[26,101],"non-stratified":[27],"dielectrics,":[28,102],"challenge":[29],"existing":[33,135],"transition":[35,73,112],"schemes":[36],"that":[37,126],"approximate":[38],"dielectrics":[39,60],"with":[40,96,105],"stratified":[41,119],"or":[42],"eight-octant":[43],"patterns.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46],"work,":[47],"we":[48],"propose":[49],"an":[50],"algorithm":[51,117],"named":[52],"MicroWalk,":[53],"enabling":[54],"accurate":[55],"for":[58,100,109,118],"arbitrary":[59],"while":[61,138],"keeping":[62],"high":[63,140],"efficiency.":[64,141],"It":[65],"is":[66,94],"provably":[67],"unbiased":[68],"and":[69,114],"equivalent":[70],"using":[72],"probabilities":[74],"solved":[75],"by":[76],"finite":[77],"difference":[78],"method,":[79],"but":[80],"at":[81],"orders":[82],"magnitude":[84],"lower":[85],"cost":[86],"(802\u00d7":[87],"faster).":[88],"An":[89],"enhanced":[90],"3-D":[91],"solver":[93,128],"developed":[95],"a":[97,130],"hybrid":[98],"strategy":[99],"combining":[103],"MicroWalk":[104],"special":[107],"treatment":[108],"first":[111],"cube":[113],"analytical":[116],"cubes.":[120],"Experiments":[121],"on":[122],"real-world":[123],"structures":[124],"show":[125],"our":[127],"achieves":[129],"significant":[131],"advantage":[133],"over":[134],"solvers,":[137],"preserving":[139]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-24T05:59:24.953642","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}