{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6940901461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3590662","title":"eBrainISA: Edge-Oriented Instruction Set Architecture for Hybrid Brain-Inspired Computing","display_name":"eBrainISA: Edge-Oriented Instruction Set Architecture for Hybrid Brain-Inspired Computing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6940901461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3590662"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2025.3590662","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3590662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaojun Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3803-1651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Precision Instrument, Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3803-1651","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Instrument, Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yujie Ying","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4313-301X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujie Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4313-301X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhong Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6988-2847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhong Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Precision Instrument, Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6988-2847","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Instrument, Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ziyi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9141-0661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9141-0661","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ling Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zegang Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0325-1593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zegang Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Precision Instrument, Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0325-1593","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Instrument, Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yifan Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7980-6626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Precision Instrument, Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7980-6626","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Instrument, Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Siying Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siying Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Precision Instrument, Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Instrument, Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhuo Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8546-1329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8546-1329","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lei Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5172-9411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Precision Instrument, Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5172-9411","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Instrument, Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42900063,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"2","first_page":"645","last_page":"658"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10451","display_name":"Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions","score":0.5803999900817871,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10451","display_name":"Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions","score":0.5803999900817871,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10015","display_name":"Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","score":0.1445000022649765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10825","display_name":"Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases","score":0.0348999984562397,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5996000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.5584999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.48969998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.43070000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.42489999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.41609999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-system","display_name":"Hybrid system","score":0.392300009727478}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8202000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5996000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.5961999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.5584999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.48969998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43070000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.42910000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.42489999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.41609999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50897621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665508","display_name":"Hybrid system","level":2,"score":0.392300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3806999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.37310001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123593499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6008583","display_name":"In-Memory Processing","level":5,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2025.3590662","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3590662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5061954400","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62276151","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999085092","https://openalex.org/W2918361313","https://openalex.org/W2945427955","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963918968","https://openalex.org/W2966081953","https://openalex.org/W2978368159","https://openalex.org/W2982083293","https://openalex.org/W3093388624","https://openalex.org/W3094487728","https://openalex.org/W3118343352","https://openalex.org/W3148444620","https://openalex.org/W3157367050","https://openalex.org/W3186703306","https://openalex.org/W3214253320","https://openalex.org/W4200629478","https://openalex.org/W4214639850","https://openalex.org/W4282837277","https://openalex.org/W4282927077","https://openalex.org/W4284969475","https://openalex.org/W4387409844","https://openalex.org/W4390589568","https://openalex.org/W4391661519","https://openalex.org/W4392194200","https://openalex.org/W4393168988","https://openalex.org/W4399013206","https://openalex.org/W4399121642","https://openalex.org/W4399121711","https://openalex.org/W4401109788","https://openalex.org/W4401596736","https://openalex.org/W4401925410","https://openalex.org/W4402580846","https://openalex.org/W4402915699","https://openalex.org/W4403791196","https://openalex.org/W4404915040"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hybrid":[0],"brain-inspired":[1,25,47,73,135],"computing,":[2,136],"which":[3,91],"integrates":[4,92],"computer":[5],"science-oriented":[6],"artificial":[7],"neural":[8,14,88,97,192],"networks":[9,15,89,143,193],"(ANNs)":[10],"with":[11,164,194],"neuroscience-oriented":[12],"spiking":[13],"(SNNs),":[16],"represents":[17],"a":[18,117,123,200],"significant":[19],"trend":[20],"in":[21,32,44,54],"the":[22,104,112],"field":[23],"of":[24,96],"computing.":[26],"This":[27,197],"approach":[28,121],"demonstrates":[29,199],"considerable":[30],"advantages":[31],"domains":[33],"such":[34,146,152,159],"as":[35,147,153,160],"perception,":[36],"cognition,":[37],"and":[38,86,149,155,157,162,180,209],"learning.":[39],"Nevertheless,":[40],"several":[41],"challenges":[42],"persist":[43],"deploying":[45],"hybrid":[46,72,87,134],"computing":[48,74],"on":[49,107,212],"resource-constrained":[50],"edge":[51,108,187,213],"devices,":[52],"particularly":[53],"enabling":[55],"these":[56,65],"devices":[57],"to":[58,81,102,177,186],"effectively":[59],"manage":[60],"complex":[61],"tasks.":[62],"To":[63,110],"tackle":[64],"challenges,":[66],"we":[67,115],"present":[68],"eBrainISA,":[69],"an":[70,93],"edge-oriented":[71],"instruction":[75,127],"set":[76,128],"architecture.":[77],"eBrainISA":[78],"is":[79],"designed":[80],"support":[82,132,140],"sophisticated":[83],"ANNs,":[84],"SNNs,":[85],"(HNNs),":[90],"extensive":[94],"suite":[95],"operators":[98],"that":[99],"are":[100],"tailored":[101],"accommodate":[103],"hardware":[105,124],"limitations":[106],"devices.":[109,214],"validate":[111],"proposed":[113],"architecture,":[114],"develop":[116],"unified":[118],"low-precision":[119],"quantization":[120],"alongside":[122],"simulator.":[125],"Prior":[126],"architectures":[129],"offer":[130],"limited":[131],"for":[133,206],"while":[137],"ours":[138],"can":[139],"all":[141],"major":[142],"including":[144],"ANNs":[145],"ResNet":[148],"Yolo,":[150],"SNNs":[151],"Spike_ResNet":[154],"Spike_Transformer,":[156],"HNNs":[158],"DetectHNN":[161],"ReSpike":[163],"<1%":[165],"accuracy":[166],"degradation.":[167],"Moreover,":[168],"our":[169],"architecture":[170],"achieves":[171],"about":[172],"5\u00d7":[173],"memory":[174],"saving":[175],"compared":[176,185],"full-precision":[178],"versions":[179],"3.87-53.61\u00d7":[181],"higher":[182],"energy":[183],"efficiency":[184],"GPU":[188],"when":[189],"executing":[190],"different":[191],"diverse":[195],"behaviors.":[196],"work":[198],"promising":[201],"balance":[202],"between":[203],"intelligent":[204],"demands":[205],"general":[207],"models":[208],"resource":[210],"constraints":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}