{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411996677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3585753","title":"Systematic Methodology of Modeling and Design Space Exploration for CMOS Image Sensors","display_name":"Systematic Methodology of Modeling and Design Space Exploration for CMOS Image Sensors","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411996677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3585753"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2025.3585753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3585753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075420600","display_name":"Tianrui Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0894-6653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tianrui Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering; Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering; Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066018924","display_name":"Zhe Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0275-6330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136591757","display_name":"OmniVision Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/02gdc0c96","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136591757","https://openalex.org/I4210094826"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094826","display_name":"OmniVision Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4gxb20","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094826"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Analog Circuit Design, OmniVision Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA","OmniVision Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Analog Circuit Design, OmniVision Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136591757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"OmniVision Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457637","display_name":"Zhe Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5004-8975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136591757","display_name":"OmniVision Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/02gdc0c96","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136591757","https://openalex.org/I4210094826"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094826","display_name":"OmniVision Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4gxb20","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094826"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Analog Circuit Design, OmniVision Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA","OmniVision Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Analog Circuit Design, OmniVision Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136591757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"OmniVision Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080661503","display_name":"Ramakrishna Kakarala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6358-6991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136591757","display_name":"OmniVision Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/02gdc0c96","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136591757","https://openalex.org/I4210094826"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094826","display_name":"OmniVision Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4gxb20","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094826"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramakrishna Kakarala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Analog Circuit Design, OmniVision Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA","OmniVision Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Analog Circuit Design, OmniVision Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136591757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"OmniVision Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101852193","display_name":"Chunguang Shan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9760-5772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136591757","display_name":"OmniVision Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/02gdc0c96","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136591757","https://openalex.org/I4210094826"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094826","display_name":"OmniVision Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4gxb20","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094826"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Analog Circuit Design, OmniVision Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA","OmniVision Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Analog Circuit Design, OmniVision Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136591757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"OmniVision Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062801966","display_name":"Weidong Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7539-8250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weidong Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010392575","display_name":"Xuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0482-5435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","College of Engineering; Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering; Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075420600"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I204465549","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14053151,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"2","first_page":"1047","last_page":"1060"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.958899974822998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.6027917861938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5325670838356018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.5302155613899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5202420949935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.44995221495628357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.347265362739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3424914479255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3368036150932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24837857484817505}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.6027917861938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5325670838356018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.5302155613899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5202420949935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44995221495628357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.347265362739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3424914479255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3368036150932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24837857484817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2025.3585753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3585753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1494351034","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2416375","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8619384459","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1942900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503479382","https://openalex.org/W1583801529","https://openalex.org/W2000145133","https://openalex.org/W2001580642","https://openalex.org/W2080452423","https://openalex.org/W2104086223","https://openalex.org/W2117894815","https://openalex.org/W2129712034","https://openalex.org/W2134892053","https://openalex.org/W2144429677","https://openalex.org/W2197399834","https://openalex.org/W2503900083","https://openalex.org/W2548871710","https://openalex.org/W2565305980","https://openalex.org/W2725159389","https://openalex.org/W2744769585","https://openalex.org/W2758603753","https://openalex.org/W2767841607","https://openalex.org/W2792956521","https://openalex.org/W2801260409","https://openalex.org/W3089879050","https://openalex.org/W3139408821","https://openalex.org/W3140278687","https://openalex.org/W3174774752","https://openalex.org/W4212825335","https://openalex.org/W4280573164","https://openalex.org/W4285674669","https://openalex.org/W4380881156"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2349576212","https://openalex.org/W1981776476","https://openalex.org/W2352535872","https://openalex.org/W1590693222","https://openalex.org/W2382967348","https://openalex.org/W2334823507","https://openalex.org/W2329660408","https://openalex.org/W2107073676","https://openalex.org/W2565551736","https://openalex.org/W2109445684"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"CMOS":[0],"Image":[1],"Sensors":[2],"(CIS)":[3],"are":[4],"integral":[5],"to":[6,31,44],"both":[7],"human":[8],"and":[9,24,38,47,67,114,145],"computer":[10],"vision":[11],"tasks,":[12],"necessitating":[13],"continuous":[14],"improvements":[15],"in":[16,126,154],"key":[17],"performance":[18,65],"metrics":[19,66],"such":[20],"as":[21],"latency,":[22],"power,":[23],"noise.":[25],"Despite":[26],"experienced":[27],"designers":[28,37],"being":[29],"able":[30],"make":[32],"informed":[33],"design":[34,49,70,94,107],"decisions,":[35],"novice":[36],"system":[39],"architects":[40],"face":[41],"challenges":[42],"due":[43],"the":[45,61,91,101,116,131],"complex":[46],"expansive":[48],"space":[50,71,108],"of":[51,93,121],"CIS.":[52],"This":[53],"paper":[54],"introduces":[55],"a":[56,76,106,128,142],"systematic":[57],"methodology":[58],"that":[59,111],"elucidates":[60],"trade-offs":[62],"among":[63],"CIS":[64,78,118,157],"enables":[68],"efficient":[69],"exploration.":[72],"Specifically,":[73],"we":[74,104],"propose":[75,105],"first-principle-based":[77],"modeling":[79,87,102],"method.":[80],"By":[81],"exposing":[82],"low-level":[83],"circuit":[84],"parameters,":[85],"our":[86],"method":[88],"explicitly":[89],"reveals":[90],"impacts":[92],"changes":[95],"on":[96,100],"high-level":[97],"metrics.":[98],"Based":[99],"method,":[103],"exploration":[109],"process":[110],"swiftly":[112],"evaluates":[113],"identifies":[115],"optimal":[117],"design,":[119],"capable":[120],"exploring":[122],"over":[123],"109":[124],"designs":[125],"under":[127],"minute":[129],"without":[130],"need":[132],"for":[133],"time-consuming":[134],"SPICE":[135],"simulations.":[136],"Our":[137],"approach":[138],"is":[139],"validated":[140],"through":[141],"case":[143],"study":[144],"comparisons":[146],"with":[147],"real-world":[148],"designs,":[149],"demonstrating":[150],"its":[151],"practical":[152],"utility":[153],"guiding":[155],"early-stage":[156],"design.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
