{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410296379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3569488","title":"PRO-TIME: Prerouting Optimization-Aware Timing Prediction via Multimodal Learning","display_name":"PRO-TIME: Prerouting Optimization-Aware Timing Prediction via Multimodal Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410296379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3569488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2025.3569488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3569488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026937849","display_name":"Ziyi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1694-5047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziyi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, SAR, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1694-5047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, SAR, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085181578","display_name":"Siting Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2454-5561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siting Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, SAR, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2454-5561","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, SAR, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101848345","display_name":"Yuan Pu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1322-5642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, SAR, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1322-5642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, SAR, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423614","display_name":"Song Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0341-3428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0341-3428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062800747","display_name":"Tsung-Yi Ho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-5625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsung-Yi Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, SAR, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-5625","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, SAR, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051340429","display_name":"Bei Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-4810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bei Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, SAR, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-4810","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, SAR, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026937849"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3517,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81374128,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"12","first_page":"4779","last_page":"4792"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9049999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9049999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6254876852035522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4378887712955475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4122456908226013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3941652178764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12267792224884033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6254876852035522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4378887712955475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4122456908226013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3941652178764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12267792224884033}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2025.3569488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3569488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1708444016","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1944814515","https://openalex.org/W1976157781","https://openalex.org/W2111491016","https://openalex.org/W2141125852","https://openalex.org/W2142013193","https://openalex.org/W2154363431","https://openalex.org/W2161629461","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2346205343","https://openalex.org/W2619383789","https://openalex.org/W2737725206","https://openalex.org/W2750396644","https://openalex.org/W2797469317","https://openalex.org/W2798405286","https://openalex.org/W2899885603","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2945759188","https://openalex.org/W2965857891","https://openalex.org/W3013164405","https://openalex.org/W3013474731","https://openalex.org/W3083181217","https://openalex.org/W3106410607","https://openalex.org/W3140720939","https://openalex.org/W3152893301","https://openalex.org/W3171752851","https://openalex.org/W3186888684","https://openalex.org/W4244849975","https://openalex.org/W4246317848","https://openalex.org/W4293023278","https://openalex.org/W4293024071","https://openalex.org/W4293024139","https://openalex.org/W4312650643","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386764525","https://openalex.org/W4387502444","https://openalex.org/W4389166723"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fast":[0],"and":[1,74],"accurate":[2],"pre-routing":[3,19,51,154],"timing":[4,20,26,45,53,155],"prediction":[5,54],"is":[6,57,84,92],"crucial":[7],"in":[8,34],"the":[9,23,41,95,102,128,145,152],"very-large-scale":[10],"integration":[11],"(VLSI)":[12],"design":[13,37],"flow.":[14],"Existing":[15],"machine":[16],"learning":[17],"(ML)-assisted":[18],"evaluators":[21],"neglect":[22],"impact":[24],"of":[25,147],"optimization,":[27,46],"which":[28,91],"may":[29],"render":[30],"their":[31],"approaches":[32],"impractical":[33],"real":[35],"circuit":[36],"flows.":[38],"To":[39],"address":[40],"challenges":[42],"posed":[43],"by":[44,59,94,126],"we":[47,63,100,115],"propose":[48,64,116],"PRO-TIME,":[49],"a":[50,65,106],"optimization-aware":[52],"framework":[55,69],"that":[56,70],"driven":[58],"multimodal":[60],"learning.":[61],"Specifically,":[62],"novel":[66],"endpoint":[67],"embedding":[68],"integrates":[71],"both":[72],"netlist":[73,89],"layout":[75,112,119,129],"information.":[76,113],"A":[77],"customized":[78],"graph":[79],"neural":[80],"network":[81],"(GNN)":[82],"model":[83,104,149],"used":[85],"for":[86],"extracting":[87],"endpoint-wise":[88,111],"information,":[90],"motivated":[93],"delay":[96],"propagation":[97],"process.":[98],"Meanwhile,":[99],"apply":[101],"U-net":[103],"with":[105,139],"masking":[107],"strategy":[108],"to":[109,123,151],"extract":[110],"Furthermore,":[114],"an":[117],"adaptive":[118],"mask":[120],"adjustment":[121],"scheme":[122],"boost":[124],"performance":[125],"leveraging":[127],"information":[130],"more":[131],"effectively.":[132],"Comprehensive":[133],"experiments":[134],"on":[135],"large-scale":[136],"RISC-V":[137],"designs":[138],"advanced":[140],"7-nm":[141],"technology":[142],"node":[143],"demonstrate":[144],"superiority":[146],"our":[148],"compared":[150],"state-of-the-art":[153],"evaluators.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-23T05:10:03.516525","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
