{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409058197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3556956","title":"FDAM: Filter-Dedicated Approximate Multiplier Design for Real-Time CNN Acceleration","display_name":"FDAM: Filter-Dedicated Approximate Multiplier Design for Real-Time CNN Acceleration","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409058197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3556956"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2025.3556956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3556956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kihwan Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9915-9188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089054","display_name":"Seoul Semiconductor (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/007vmjm88","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089054"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kihwan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Next-generation Semiconductor Convergence and Open Sharing System (COSS), South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9915-9188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I4210089054"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Next-generation Semiconductor Convergence and Open Sharing System (COSS), South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xuan Truong Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7527-6971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124125349","display_name":"Korea National Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/016ebag96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124125349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120602","display_name":"Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01w62yz22","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I4210120602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Truong Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Next-Generation Semiconductor Convergence and Open Sharing System, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","the Research Institute for Convergence Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and the Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7527-6971","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Next-Generation Semiconductor Convergence and Open Sharing System, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124125349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Research Institute for Convergence Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and the Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I4210120602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053248335","display_name":"Dongsuk Jeon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0395-8076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118373667","display_name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00chfja07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120602","display_name":"Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01w62yz22","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I4210120602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongsuk Jeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, the Research Institute for Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC) and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0395-8076","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, the Research Institute for Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667","https://openalex.org/I4210120602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC) and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024723558","display_name":"Hyuk\u2010Jae Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6811-9647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089054","display_name":"Seoul Semiconductor (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/007vmjm88","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089054"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyuk-Jae Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6811-9647","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I4210089054"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9579,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71680835,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"11","first_page":"4073","last_page":"4085"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9722999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9718000292778015,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.6316535472869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.592181384563446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.49491041898727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4864775836467743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4091129004955292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33973926305770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.14352697134017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11234751343727112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.04208335280418396}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6316535472869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.592181384563446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.49491041898727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4864775836467743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4091129004955292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33973926305770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.14352697134017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11234751343727112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.04208335280418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2025.3556956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3556956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54257720","https://openalex.org/W2001254103","https://openalex.org/W2022312970","https://openalex.org/W2047920195","https://openalex.org/W2069125731","https://openalex.org/W2077881312","https://openalex.org/W2103244632","https://openalex.org/W2121058967","https://openalex.org/W2121927366","https://openalex.org/W2169484940","https://openalex.org/W2265166184","https://openalex.org/W2476548250","https://openalex.org/W2503339013","https://openalex.org/W2527998798","https://openalex.org/W2578985517","https://openalex.org/W2801898794","https://openalex.org/W2886623847","https://openalex.org/W2899915146","https://openalex.org/W2935524202","https://openalex.org/W2981751377","https://openalex.org/W2987086740","https://openalex.org/W3004127905","https://openalex.org/W3019314437","https://openalex.org/W3047237654","https://openalex.org/W3082058622","https://openalex.org/W3135997061","https://openalex.org/W3137147200","https://openalex.org/W3182930707","https://openalex.org/W3206763996","https://openalex.org/W3216562706","https://openalex.org/W4280584399","https://openalex.org/W4291910419","https://openalex.org/W4294691367","https://openalex.org/W4319459088","https://openalex.org/W4321488033","https://openalex.org/W4389317959","https://openalex.org/W4391248593","https://openalex.org/W4401568751"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2565094479","https://openalex.org/W2390829436","https://openalex.org/W1989791859","https://openalex.org/W602859758","https://openalex.org/W1971289376","https://openalex.org/W2379101322","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W1992553864"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Video":[0],"super-resolution":[1],"(VSR)":[2],"is":[3],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6,209],"various":[7],"high-definition":[8],"applications,":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11,80],"HDTVs":[12],"and":[13,75,121,139,155,186,195,216],"smartphones,":[14],"requiring":[15],"a":[16,33,45,59,111,141,147,167,206],"dedicated":[17],"upscaling":[18],"technique":[19],"for":[20,28,64,136],"real-time":[21,65],"full-HD":[22],"generation.":[23],"To":[24,54,105],"reduce":[25],"on-chip":[26],"buffers":[27],"large-size":[29],"output":[30,40],"feature":[31],"maps,":[32],"streaming":[34],"VSR":[35,66],"accelerator":[36],"may":[37,90],"employ":[38],"an":[39,122],"stationary":[41],"dataflow,":[42],"leading":[43],"to":[44,79,96,117,129,183,205,231],"large":[46],"energy":[47,210],"consumption":[48],"caused":[49],"by":[50,133,151,181],"frequent":[51],"filter":[52,103],"switching.":[53],"mitigate":[55],"this,":[56],"we":[57,109,145],"introduce":[58],"new":[60,112],"filter-dedicated":[61],"multiplier":[62],"design":[63],"acceleration.":[67],"We":[68],"replace":[69],"costly":[70],"multipliers":[71],"with":[72,172,200,213,223],"adders,":[73],"shifters,":[74],"multiplexers":[76],"(MUXes),":[77],"referred":[78],"unified":[81,98,142],"multiple":[82],"constant":[83,190],"multiplications":[84],"(UMCM).":[85],"The":[86],"conventional":[87],"UMCM,":[88],"however,":[89],"incur":[91],"considerable":[92],"area/power":[93],"overhead":[94],"due":[95],"the":[97,119,162,179,214,232],"topology":[99],"constraint":[100,120],"among":[101],"different":[102],"sets.":[104],"address":[106],"this":[107],"problem,":[108],"propose":[110],"approximated":[113,137,153],"MCM":[114],"(AMCM)":[115],"problem":[116],"relax":[118],"approximate":[123],"compatible":[124],"graph":[125],"synthesis":[126],"(A-CGS)":[127],"framework":[128],"efficiently":[130],"solve":[131],"AMCM":[132,177],"jointly":[134],"searching":[135],"filters":[138,154],"constructing":[140],"graph.":[143],"Additionally,":[144],"suggest":[146],"lightweight":[148],"fine-tuning":[149,157],"method":[150],"freezing":[152],"only":[156],"biases,":[158],"which":[159],"can":[160],"recover":[161],"original":[163],"model\u2019s":[164],"accuracy":[165],"within":[166],"few":[168],"epochs.":[169],"Experimental":[170],"results":[171],"synthetic":[173],"data":[174],"demonstrate":[175],"that":[176,220],"reduces":[178],"area":[180],"up":[182,204],"49.8%,":[184],"44.8%,":[185],"40.3%":[187],"when":[188],"considering":[189],"sets":[191],"of":[192],"2,":[193],"4,":[194],"8,":[196],"respectively.":[197],"Our":[198],"designs":[199],"SR":[201],"application":[202],"achieve":[203],"73.3%":[207],"reduction":[208],"consumption.":[211],"Experiments":[212],"Set5":[215],"Set14":[217],"datasets":[218],"show":[219],"our":[221],"model":[222],"bias":[224],"correction":[225],"achieves":[226],"similar":[227],"restoration":[228],"performance":[229],"compared":[230],"eight-bit":[233],"models.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-04-02T00:00:00"}
