{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405778575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3522878","title":"Real-Time 3-D Thermal Simulation of Advanced Packages via Generative Adversarial Networks","display_name":"Real-Time 3-D Thermal Simulation of Advanced Packages via Generative Adversarial Networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405778575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3522878"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2024.3522878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3522878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011682241","display_name":"Seunghyun Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5900-6445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seunghyun Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5900-6445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michael Joseph Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1268-2332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Joseph Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1268-2332","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078546300","display_name":"Vinicius C. do Nascimento","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6387-9161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinicius C. Do Nascimento","raw_affiliation_strings":["Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101992408","display_name":"Qiang Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2610-3502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2610-3502","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110204557","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Kok Koh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Kok Koh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8930-856X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080314217","display_name":"Ganesh Subbarayan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0462-1130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ganesh Subbarayan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0462-1130","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032902075","display_name":"Dan Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4080-2716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4080-2716","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46817563,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"7","first_page":"2439","last_page":"2450"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11245","display_name":"Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8363940715789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.7163854837417603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5871956944465637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-network","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","score":0.5380178689956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.4407837688922882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3263842463493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.17707812786102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.08805692195892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08738791942596436}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8363940715789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.7163854837417603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5871956944465637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.5380178689956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.4407837688922882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3263842463493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.17707812786102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.08805692195892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08738791942596436}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2024.3522878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3522878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541633348","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1964971655","https://openalex.org/W1970454553","https://openalex.org/W1982553332","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2158985775","https://openalex.org/W2899283552","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963767194","https://openalex.org/W3043514336","https://openalex.org/W3194148417","https://openalex.org/W4213229848","https://openalex.org/W4220699563","https://openalex.org/W4297983972","https://openalex.org/W4379115896","https://openalex.org/W4384158436","https://openalex.org/W4386764223","https://openalex.org/W4388721370","https://openalex.org/W4402979297","https://openalex.org/W6678815747","https://openalex.org/W6724804524","https://openalex.org/W6783115343","https://openalex.org/W6802680485","https://openalex.org/W6889046861"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W2888032422","https://openalex.org/W2996316059","https://openalex.org/W4377980832","https://openalex.org/W2897769091","https://openalex.org/W2845413374","https://openalex.org/W3005996785","https://openalex.org/W4297411772","https://openalex.org/W4235873501"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thermal":[0],"optimization":[1],"plays":[2],"a":[3,37,85,91,96,144],"crucial":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,12,29],"the":[7,16,50,62,127,161,167],"design":[8,25],"of":[9,19,75,90,166],"advanced":[10],"systems":[11],"package.":[13],"Due":[14],"to":[15,40,48],"large":[17],"number":[18],"thermal":[20,105],"simulations":[21],"needed":[22],"for":[23],"full":[24],"space":[26],"exploration,":[27],"reductions":[28],"simulation":[30,42,106],"run-time":[31],"are":[32,124],"critical.":[33],"Here,":[34],"we":[35],"propose":[36],"data-driven":[38],"approach":[39],"physics":[41],"by":[43,83],"using":[44],"neural":[45],"networks":[46],"(NNs)":[47],"cast":[49],"temperature":[51,81],"solution":[52],"process":[53],"into":[54,72],"an":[55,76],"image-to-image":[56],"translation":[57],"problem.":[58],"We":[59,78],"first":[60],"model":[61,101,113],"power":[63,117],"generation":[64],"map,":[65,67],"conductivity":[66],"and":[68,95,119,152,164],"boundary":[69],"conditions":[70],"(BCs)":[71],"separate":[73],"channels":[74],"image.":[77],"then":[79],"generate":[80],"solutions":[82],"training":[84],"generative":[86],"adversarial":[87],"network,":[88],"composed":[89],"U-Net":[92],"shaped":[93],"generator":[94],"discriminator.":[97],"The":[98],"resultant":[99],"NN":[100],"can":[102,114],"handle":[103,115],"diverse":[104],"scenarios":[107],"with":[108,156],"accuracy.":[109],"More":[110],"importantly,":[111],"our":[112],"BCs,":[116],"maps,":[118],"physical":[120],"package":[121],"designs":[122],"which":[123],"unseen":[125],"during":[126],"training.":[128],"Experiments":[129],"show":[130],"that":[131],"speed":[132],"wise,":[133],"it":[134],"enables":[135],"near":[136],"real-time":[137],"design,":[138],"providing":[139],"a$2581\\times":[140],"$and$9171\\times":[141],"$speedup":[142],"over":[143],"custom":[145],"sparse":[146],"matrix":[147],"optimized":[148],"finite":[149],"element":[150],"method":[151],"ABAQUS,":[153],"respectively.":[154],"Comparisons":[155],"state-of-the-art":[157],"methods":[158],"have":[159],"demonstrated":[160],"accuracy,":[162],"efficiency,":[163],"versatility":[165],"proposed":[168],"work.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}