{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405205359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3514778","title":"Energy-Efficient DNN Inferencing on ReRAM-Based PIM Accelerators Using Heterogeneous Operation Units","display_name":"Energy-Efficient DNN Inferencing on ReRAM-Based PIM Accelerators Using Heterogeneous Operation Units","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405205359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3514778"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2024.3514778","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3514778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019597041","display_name":"Gaurav Narang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9517-1280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaurav Narang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA","Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9517-1280","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055445718","display_name":"Janardhan Rao Doppa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3848-5301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janardhan Rao Doppa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA","Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3848-5301","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078441163","display_name":"Partha Pratim Pande","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-8531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Partha Pratim Pande","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA","Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-8531","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6252,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73754921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"6","first_page":"2130","last_page":"2143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","score":0.9193280935287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5885981917381287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5287677049636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.45060279965400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3656095266342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.20677527785301208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11813843250274658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.089190274477005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.05117639899253845}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182019814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143830","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.9193280935287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5885981917381287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5287677049636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.45060279965400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3656095266342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.20677527785301208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11813843250274658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.089190274477005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.05117639899253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2024.3514778","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3514778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5001791597","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ARO-W911NF-24-1-0240","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G661180653","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSR-2308530","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6745974392","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1955353","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2104492856","https://openalex.org/W2164819109","https://openalex.org/W2518281301","https://openalex.org/W2565516711","https://openalex.org/W2613989746","https://openalex.org/W2794288888","https://openalex.org/W2913347375","https://openalex.org/W3046502253","https://openalex.org/W3092079231","https://openalex.org/W3092585568","https://openalex.org/W3092601938","https://openalex.org/W3116050082","https://openalex.org/W3145926676","https://openalex.org/W3174812964","https://openalex.org/W3184191382","https://openalex.org/W3195858150","https://openalex.org/W3198405160","https://openalex.org/W3211477092","https://openalex.org/W4205141919","https://openalex.org/W4285194374","https://openalex.org/W4293024097","https://openalex.org/W4307030487","https://openalex.org/W4376137878","https://openalex.org/W4381233128","https://openalex.org/W4385968202","https://openalex.org/W4386764939","https://openalex.org/W4386859265","https://openalex.org/W4387492098","https://openalex.org/W4388757726","https://openalex.org/W4391791509","https://openalex.org/W4392240059","https://openalex.org/W4396956635","https://openalex.org/W4401408785","https://openalex.org/W4402349286","https://openalex.org/W4404101434","https://openalex.org/W6774800637","https://openalex.org/W6787003673","https://openalex.org/W6853171442","https://openalex.org/W6857358016"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2054635671","https://openalex.org/W2545245183","https://openalex.org/W2017425642","https://openalex.org/W2350916061","https://openalex.org/W2952918855","https://openalex.org/W1970117475","https://openalex.org/W4396815615"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Operation":[0],"unit":[1],"(OU)-based":[2],"configurations":[3,96],"enable":[4],"the":[5,51,65,100,103,107,125,151],"design":[6],"of":[7,39,71,102,111],"energy-efficient":[8],"and":[9,25,73,106,134,138],"reliable":[10],"ReRAM":[11],"crossbar-based":[12],"processing-in-memory":[13],"(PIM)":[14],"architectures":[15,148],"for":[16,55,88],"deep":[17],"neural":[18,104],"network":[19],"(DNN)":[20],"inferencing.":[21],"To":[22],"exploit":[23],"sparsity":[24,72],"tackle":[26],"crossbar":[27],"nonidealities,":[28],"matrix-vector-multiplication":[29],"(MVM)":[30],"operations":[31],"are":[32],"computed":[33],"at":[34],"a":[35,42,56,61,86],"much":[36],"smaller":[37],"level":[38],"granularity":[40],"than":[41],"full":[43],"crossbar,":[44],"referred":[45],"to":[46,115,144],"as":[47,64],"OUs.":[48],"However,":[49],"determining":[50],"suitable":[52],"OU":[53,95],"size":[54],"given":[57],"DNN":[58,66],"workload":[59],"presents":[60],"nontrivial":[62],"challenge":[63],"layers":[67,105],"exhibit":[68],"different":[69],"levels":[70],"have":[74],"varying":[75],"impact":[76],"on":[77,99,140],"overall":[78],"predictive":[79,152],"accuracy.":[80,153],"In":[81],"this":[82],"article,":[83],"we":[84],"propose":[85],"framework":[87],"designing":[89],"heterogeneous":[90,128],"OU-based":[91,129,147],"PIM":[92,112,130],"accelerators.":[93],"The":[94],"vary":[97],"based":[98],"characteristics":[101],"time-dependent":[108],"conductance":[109],"drift":[110],"devices":[113],"due":[114],"repeated":[116],"inference":[117],"runs.":[118],"Overall,":[119],"our":[120],"experimental":[121],"results":[122],"demonstrate":[123],"that":[124],"sparsity-aware":[126],"layer-wise":[127],"computation":[131],"reduces":[132],"latency":[133],"energy":[135],"by":[136],"34%":[137],"73%":[139],"average,":[141],"respectively,":[142],"compared":[143],"state-of-the-art":[145],"homogeneous":[146],"without":[149],"compromising":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}