{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403919716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3488577","title":"Learning-Driven Physically Aware Large-Scale Circuit Gate Sizing","display_name":"Learning-Driven Physically Aware Large-Scale Circuit Gate Sizing","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403919716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3488577"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2024.3488577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3488577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053598579","display_name":"Yuyang Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0726-0468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuyang Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR","National ASIC Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National ASIC Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100824228","display_name":"Peng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6079-4395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR","NT, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NT, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070617557","display_name":"Lizheng Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lizheng Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["National ASIC Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National ASIC Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022945347","display_name":"Tinghuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9195-6619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tinghuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040139371","display_name":"Hao Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5312-4483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National ASIC Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National ASIC Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051340429","display_name":"Bei Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-4810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bei Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National ASIC Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","NT, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National ASIC Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NT, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101499715","display_name":"Longxing Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0629-7154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longxing Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National ASIC Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National ASIC Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053598579"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0343,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93023836,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"5","first_page":"1901","last_page":"1914"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.5911314487457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5249155163764954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5130130648612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3418015241622925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20354577898979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10308903455734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.08056527376174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.06277316808700562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.5911314487457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5249155163764954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5130130648612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3418015241622925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20354577898979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10308903455734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.08056527376174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.06277316808700562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2024.3488577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3488577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1448638579","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62274034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6402170975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61904030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6500784735","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.2023YFB4402900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7541412209","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62304197","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1944814515","https://openalex.org/W1972928733","https://openalex.org/W2040498220","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2790502156","https://openalex.org/W2944747679","https://openalex.org/W3104610662","https://openalex.org/W3186888684","https://openalex.org/W3211934115","https://openalex.org/W4235494106","https://openalex.org/W4238153486","https://openalex.org/W4293023278","https://openalex.org/W4293024026","https://openalex.org/W4298169785","https://openalex.org/W4312678978","https://openalex.org/W4313476040","https://openalex.org/W4386763848","https://openalex.org/W4386764525","https://openalex.org/W4386765175","https://openalex.org/W4387490569","https://openalex.org/W4391467961","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6729448088","https://openalex.org/W6758046424","https://openalex.org/W6786988841","https://openalex.org/W6854089726"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2375311683","https://openalex.org/W2366062860","https://openalex.org/W2373777250","https://openalex.org/W2353956655","https://openalex.org/W2020653254","https://openalex.org/W2010454064","https://openalex.org/W2352072014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gate":[0],"sizing":[1,16,36,46,58,137],"plays":[2],"an":[3],"important":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,128],"timing":[7,20,23,62,82,88,92],"optimization":[8],"after":[9],"physical":[10,29,95],"design.":[11],"Existing":[12],"machine":[13],"learning-based":[14],"gate":[15,45,57,80,116,136],"works":[17],"cannot":[18],"optimize":[19,61],"on":[21,31,64,90,97,105],"multiple":[22,91],"paths":[24,93],"simultaneously":[25],"and":[26,38,94,109],"neglect":[27],"the":[28,106,134],"constraint":[30],"layouts.":[32],"They":[33],"cause":[34],"suboptimal":[35],"solutions":[37],"low-efficiency":[39],"issues":[40],"when":[41],"compared":[42,132],"with":[43,133],"commercial":[44,135],"tools.":[47],"In":[48,68],"this":[49],"work,":[50,73],"we":[51],"propose":[52],"a":[53,78,129],"learning-driven":[54],"physically":[55],"aware":[56],"framework":[59],"to":[60,114],"performance":[63,126],"large-scale":[65],"circuits":[66],"efficiently.":[67],"our":[69,122],"gradient":[70,102],"descent":[71],"optimization-based":[72],"for":[74],"obtaining":[75],"accurate":[76],"gradients,":[77],"multimodal":[79],"sizing-aware":[81],"model":[83],"is":[84],"achieved":[85],"via":[86],"learning":[87],"information":[89,96],"multiple-scaled":[98],"layouts":[99],"jointly.":[100],"Then,":[101],"generation":[103],"based":[104],"sizing-oriented":[107],"estimator":[108],"adaptive":[110],"back-propagation":[111],"are":[112],"developed":[113],"update":[115],"sizes.":[117],"Our":[118],"results":[119],"demonstrate":[120],"that":[121],"work":[123],"achieves":[124],"higher-timing":[125],"improvements":[127],"faster":[130],"way":[131],"tool.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
