{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403390895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3479969","title":"Minimum Unit Capacitance Calculation for Capacitor Arrays in Binary-Weighted and Split DACs","display_name":"Minimum Unit Capacitance Calculation for Capacitor Arrays in Binary-Weighted and Split DACs","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403390895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3479969"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2024.3479969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3479969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057480511","display_name":"Nibedita Karmokar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8429-5656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nibedita Karmokar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8429-5656","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059037025","display_name":"Ramesh Harjani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7691-566X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramesh Harjani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7691-566X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068714995","display_name":"Sachin S. Sapatnekar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5353-2364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sachin Sapatnekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5353-2364","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057480511"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1767,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47773817,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"4","first_page":"1210","last_page":"1223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitance","display_name":"Capacitance","score":0.7819608449935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.6490598320960999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.6055455207824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","score":0.5538364052772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.42013370990753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4062083065509796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3940604627132416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.35306107997894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34797728061676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3270009756088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3264389634132385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22624242305755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.18686315417289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.13710519671440125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.06989273428916931}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.7819608449935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.6490598320960999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.6055455207824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.5538364052772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.42013370990753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4062083065509796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3940604627132416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.35306107997894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34797728061676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3270009756088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3264389634132385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22624242305755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.18686315417289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.13710519671440125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.06989273428916931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2024.3479969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3479969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2539256352","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-2212345","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","funder_display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2573937776","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3006-11125-UMSPR-00096145-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","funder_display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037452784","https://openalex.org/W2048251158","https://openalex.org/W2082979872","https://openalex.org/W2100746545","https://openalex.org/W2103937095","https://openalex.org/W2153215949","https://openalex.org/W2157680838","https://openalex.org/W2163883796","https://openalex.org/W2166307883","https://openalex.org/W2175322436","https://openalex.org/W2342568355","https://openalex.org/W2343400064","https://openalex.org/W2603623014","https://openalex.org/W2613339586","https://openalex.org/W2757649688","https://openalex.org/W2757804657","https://openalex.org/W2774437750","https://openalex.org/W2893614659","https://openalex.org/W2992178068","https://openalex.org/W3146178383","https://openalex.org/W3175435834","https://openalex.org/W4213218418","https://openalex.org/W4231501498","https://openalex.org/W4234788940","https://openalex.org/W4237435002","https://openalex.org/W4280488898","https://openalex.org/W4317795302","https://openalex.org/W4324116359"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4398198689","https://openalex.org/W2354365353","https://openalex.org/W1988437325","https://openalex.org/W2347585086","https://openalex.org/W2811287415","https://openalex.org/W2080773395","https://openalex.org/W2099626417","https://openalex.org/W2019514496","https://openalex.org/W2085450379","https://openalex.org/W2354552488"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,164],"layout":[1,51],"area":[2,250],"and":[3,95,98,157,188,215],"power":[4],"consumption":[5],"of":[6,26,37,42,69,72,78,93,108,175,259],"a":[7,20,73,145,168,176,197,255],"charge-scaling":[8,162],"digital-to-analog":[9],"converter":[10],"(DAC)":[11],"is":[12,46,120,139,206,227,238],"typically":[13],"dominated":[14],"by":[15,103,195],"the":[16,24,30,35,40,43,50,62,67,76,106,113,116,118,136,150,172,202,230,245],"capacitor":[17,45,80,138,159,233],"array.":[18],"For":[19],"binary-weighted":[21,63,156,236],"DAC,":[22,64,177],"since":[23,252],"number":[25,36,258],"unit":[27,44,59,74,79,137,151,203,232,260],"capacitors":[28,60,86,114],"in":[29,105,115,123,154],"array":[31],"increases":[32],"exponentially":[33],"with":[34],"bits,":[38],"minimizing":[39],"size":[41,201],"crucial":[47],"for":[48,148,161,179,217,223,235,241],"controlling":[49],"area.":[52],"A":[53],"split":[54,158,242],"DAC":[55,132],"uses":[56],"many":[57],"fewer":[58],"than":[61,240],"but":[65,244],"requires":[66],"use":[68],"noninteger":[70],"multiples":[71],"capacitance;":[75],"choice":[77],"remains":[81],"an":[82],"important":[83],"consideration.":[84],"Smaller":[85],"can":[87,99,129],"be":[88,101],"susceptible":[89],"to":[90,184,200,208,212,219],"larger":[91,249,257],"amounts":[92],"noise":[94,216],"process":[96,213],"mismatch,":[97,185],"also":[100],"affected":[102],"mismatch":[104],"parasitics":[107],"routing":[109],"wires":[110],"that":[111,170,182,194,229],"connect":[112],"array:":[117],"latter":[119],"particularly":[121],"significant":[122],"FinFET":[124],"nodes.":[125],"Together,":[126],"these":[127],"factors":[128,181],"degrade":[130],"critical":[131],"performance":[133],"metrics":[134,174],"unless":[135],"sufficiently":[140],"large.":[141],"This":[142],"work":[143],"proposes":[144],"systematic":[146,198],"approach":[147],"selecting":[149],"capacitance":[152],"value":[153,169,234],"both":[155],"arrays":[160],"DACs.":[163,221],"proposed":[165],"method":[166],"selects":[167],"optimizes":[171],"nonlinearity":[173],"accounting":[178],"multiple":[180],"contribute":[183],"flicker":[186],"noise,":[187],"thermal":[189],"noise.":[190],"Our":[191],"results":[192],"demonstrate":[193],"using":[196],"methodology":[199],"capacitor,":[204],"it":[205,226,253],"possible":[207],"overcome":[209],"shifts":[210],"due":[211],"variation":[214],"6-bit":[218],"14-bit":[220],"Particularly":[222],"higher-resolution":[224],"DACs,":[225,243],"seen":[228],"minimum":[231],"DACs":[237],"lower":[239],"former":[246],"incurs":[247],"much":[248],"costs":[251],"contains":[254],"significantly":[256],"capacitors.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}