{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401537204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3443003","title":"An Energy Efficient Residual Spiking Neural Network Accelerator With Ternary Spikes","display_name":"An Energy Efficient Residual Spiking Neural Network Accelerator With Ternary Spikes","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401537204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3443003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2024.3443003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3443003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079049469","display_name":"Congyi Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-9040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Congyi Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-9040","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035766448","display_name":"Wenqing Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8806-8717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqing Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8806-8717","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041745327","display_name":"Qinyu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9480-6164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinyu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9480-6164","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103111549","display_name":"Chenyang Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9609-0343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyang Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009522891","display_name":"Yuxiang Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1351-5460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxiang Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1351-5460","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100361096","display_name":"Li Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1047-6067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1047-6067","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2116,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78929276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"1","first_page":"395","last_page":"400"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.7813767194747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ternary-operation","display_name":"Ternary operation","score":0.6835005283355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5485898852348328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5295150279998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.4284136891365051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4273052513599396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2982274293899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.17643311619758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16891855001449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08683770895004272}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.7813767194747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64452783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1524945","display_name":"Ternary operation","level":2,"score":0.6835005283355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5485898852348328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5295150279998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.4284136891365051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4273052513599396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2982274293899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.17643311619758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16891855001449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08683770895004272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2024.3443003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3443003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4881842267","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019ZX01008101-003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5514981033","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21B2032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7793555172","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62104098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570411240","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2775079417","https://openalex.org/W2779025322","https://openalex.org/W3007283957","https://openalex.org/W3036866137","https://openalex.org/W3097285691","https://openalex.org/W3157535122","https://openalex.org/W3183450825","https://openalex.org/W3212354845","https://openalex.org/W4309242532","https://openalex.org/W4312348535","https://openalex.org/W4364859942","https://openalex.org/W4391818789","https://openalex.org/W4392902786","https://openalex.org/W4393168988"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560215812","https://openalex.org/W3126544799","https://openalex.org/W2949601986","https://openalex.org/W2070443794","https://openalex.org/W2788972299","https://openalex.org/W2498789492","https://openalex.org/W2521347458","https://openalex.org/W2928193004","https://openalex.org/W3104333581","https://openalex.org/W2914488349"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spiking":[0],"neural":[1,18],"networks":[2,19],"(SNNs)":[3],"use":[4],"discrete":[5,38],"binary":[6],"spikes":[7,39,56,78,92],"to":[8,30,41,65,72],"transfer":[9,73],"information":[10,74],"between":[11],"neurons,":[12],"which":[13],"is":[14,57,63,79,93,106],"different":[15],"from":[16],"artificial":[17],"(ANNs).":[20],"Although":[21],"event-based":[22],"characteristics":[23],"bring":[24],"potential":[25],"computation":[26],"power":[27],"and":[28,95,102,124],"efficiency":[29],"SNNs,":[31],"the":[32,51,70,76,86,103,114],"long":[33],"processing":[34],"time":[35,61,127],"window":[36,62],"of":[37,50,75,117,141],"leads":[40],"high":[42],"latency.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"brief,":[46],"a":[47,139],"spike":[48],"version":[49],"residual":[52,88],"network":[53,89],"using":[54],"ternary":[55,77,91],"proposed.":[58],"A":[59],"shorter":[60],"required":[64],"achieve":[66],"competitive":[67],"performance":[68],"because":[69],"ability":[71],"strengthened.":[80],"An":[81],"SNN":[82,111],"accelerator":[83,112,130],"based":[84],"on":[85,119],"proposed":[87,110],"with":[90,97,122,138],"designed":[94],"implemented":[96],"28":[98],"nm":[99],"CMOS":[100],"technology,":[101],"core":[104],"area":[105],"0.63":[107],"mm2.":[108],"The":[109,129],"achieves":[113,131],"classification":[115],"accuracy":[116],"92.07%":[118],"CIFAR-10":[120],"dataset":[121],"SResNet20":[123],"only":[125],"6":[126],"steps.":[128],"0.39":[132],"mJ":[133],"energy":[134],"consumption":[135],"per":[136],"frame":[137],"throughput":[140],"165.7":[142],"FPS":[143],"when":[144],"running":[145],"at":[146],"500":[147],"MHz.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-12-26T23:08:49.675405","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}