{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404103067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3439488","title":"FlexBCM: Hybrid Block-Circulant Neural Network and Accelerator Co-Search on FPGAs","display_name":"FlexBCM: Hybrid Block-Circulant Neural Network and Accelerator Co-Search on FPGAs","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404103067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3439488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2024.3439488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3439488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034765006","display_name":"Wenqi Lou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-6672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqi Lou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014908428","display_name":"Yunji Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9404-581X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunji Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329044","display_name":"Xuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3065-4606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3065-4606","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072915437","display_name":"Lei Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8391-5526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8391-5526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011884768","display_name":"Chao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9403-5575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9403-5575","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077322091","display_name":"Xuehai Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-3143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuehai Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-3143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7141,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76448655,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"11","first_page":"3852","last_page":"3863"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7256225943565369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circulant-matrix","display_name":"Circulant matrix","score":0.701878547668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.676481306552887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47970718145370483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.44842982292175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4209882318973541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2769396901130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2434939742088318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2097240686416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.16860482096672058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.07300150394439697}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7256225943565369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115973184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245457","display_name":"Circulant matrix","level":2,"score":0.701878547668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.676481306552887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47970718145370483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.44842982292175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4209882318973541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2769396901130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2434939742088318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2097240686416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.16860482096672058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.07300150394439697}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2024.3439488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2024.3439488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1443428683","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102383","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2701524985","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20210123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6284701254","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Y2021121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","funder_display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6472083938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172380","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8758304440","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61976200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031141b54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2547875792","https://openalex.org/W2883927138","https://openalex.org/W2891946740","https://openalex.org/W2913221350","https://openalex.org/W2963122961","https://openalex.org/W2967733054","https://openalex.org/W2996843284","https://openalex.org/W3012561096","https://openalex.org/W3016142271","https://openalex.org/W3018935228","https://openalex.org/W3020221024","https://openalex.org/W3036033155","https://openalex.org/W3040646053","https://openalex.org/W3092020069","https://openalex.org/W3094924411","https://openalex.org/W3112948415","https://openalex.org/W3127794782","https://openalex.org/W3159322265","https://openalex.org/W3164217046","https://openalex.org/W3167824842","https://openalex.org/W3187567638","https://openalex.org/W3191594941","https://openalex.org/W3198625877","https://openalex.org/W3211833531","https://openalex.org/W3216036760","https://openalex.org/W3217357178","https://openalex.org/W4211085526","https://openalex.org/W4253012315","https://openalex.org/W4280606772","https://openalex.org/W4296473289","https://openalex.org/W4315699675","https://openalex.org/W4320712936","https://openalex.org/W4379115894","https://openalex.org/W4379115900","https://openalex.org/W4387448119","https://openalex.org/W4389163074","https://openalex.org/W4391429622","https://openalex.org/W4394966842","https://openalex.org/W6729448088","https://openalex.org/W6729956949","https://openalex.org/W6752515464","https://openalex.org/W6766225098","https://openalex.org/W6799009007","https://openalex.org/W6910690987"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2117159910","https://openalex.org/W2335757200","https://openalex.org/W2049656902","https://openalex.org/W2044900700","https://openalex.org/W2549019542","https://openalex.org/W2139378013","https://openalex.org/W2312260908","https://openalex.org/W2394404719","https://openalex.org/W2560470131","https://openalex.org/W2029210135"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Block-circulant":[0],"matrix":[1],"(BCM)":[2],"compression":[3,31,41,86,168],"has":[4],"garnered":[5],"much":[6],"attention":[7],"in":[8],"the":[9,26,30,49,60,84,105,109,126,144,149,157,201,209,213,221,257],"hardware":[10,67,88,145,196,210],"acceleration":[11],"of":[12,28,111,128,212],"convolutional":[13,153],"neural":[14,112],"networks":[15],"(CNNs)":[16],"due":[17],"to":[18,43,91,123,204],"its":[19,227],"regularity":[20],"and":[21,66,87,97,151,176,187,225,247],"efficiency.":[22],"However,":[23],"constrained":[24],"by":[25],"difficulty":[27],"exploring":[29],"parameter":[32,42,85,89],"space,":[33],"existing":[34],"BCM-based":[35],"methods":[36],"often":[37],"apply":[38],"a":[39,76,134,194],"uniform":[40],"all":[44],"CNN":[45,96],"models\u2019":[46],"layers,":[47],"losing":[48],"compression\u2019s":[50],"flexibility.":[51],"Additionally,":[52,131],"independently":[53],"optimizing":[54],"models":[55,249],"or":[56],"accelerators":[57],"makes":[58],"achieving":[59],"optimal":[61],"tradeoff":[62],"between":[63],"model":[64],"accuracy":[65,127,254],"efficiency":[68,244],"challenging.":[69],"To":[70],"this":[71],"end,":[72],"we":[73,116,132,147,183,192,217],"propose":[74],"FlexBCM,":[75],"joint":[77],"exploration":[78],"framework":[79],"that":[80,238],"efficiently":[81],"explores":[82],"both":[83],"space":[90],"generate":[92],"customized":[93],"hybrid":[94],"BCM-compressed":[95],"field-programmable":[98],"gate":[99],"array":[100],"(FPGA)":[101],"accelerator":[102],"solutions.":[103],"On":[104,143],"algorithmic":[106],"side,":[107,146],"leveraging":[108],"idea":[110],"architecture":[113],"search":[114,203],"(NAS),":[115],"design":[117,193],"an":[118,252],"efficient":[119,150],"differentiable":[120],"sampling":[121],"method":[122],"rapidly":[124],"evaluate":[125],"candidate":[129],"subnets.":[130],"devise":[133],"hardware-friendly":[135],"frequency":[136],"domain":[137],"quantization":[138],"scheme":[139],"for":[140,245],"BCM":[141,158],"computation.":[142],"develop":[148],"parameter-configurable":[152],"core":[154,160],"(ConvPU)":[155],"alongside":[156],"computing":[159],"(BCMPU).":[161],"The":[162],"BCMPU":[163],"can":[164],"flexibly":[165],"accommodate":[166],"different":[167],"parameters":[169],"at":[170],"runtime,":[171],"incorporate":[172],"complex-number":[173],"DSP":[174],"packing":[175],"conjugate":[177],"symmetry":[178],"optimizations.":[179],"For":[180],"model-to-hardware":[181],"evaluation,":[182],"construct":[184],"accurate":[185],"latency":[186],"resource":[188],"consumption":[189],"models.":[190],"Moreover,":[191],"fast":[195],"generation":[197],"algorithm":[198],"based":[199],"on":[200,208,220,256],"coarse-grained":[202],"provide":[205],"prompt":[206],"feedback":[207],"evaluation":[211],"current":[214],"subnet.":[215],"Finally,":[216],"validate":[218],"FlexBCM":[219,239],"Xilinx":[222],"ZCU102":[223],"FPGA":[224],"compare":[226],"compressed":[228],"CNN-accelerator":[229],"solutions":[230],"with":[231],"previous":[232],"state-of-the-art":[233],"works.":[234],"Experimental":[235],"results":[236],"demonstrate":[237],"achieves":[240],"1.21\u20133.02":[241],"times":[242],"higher-computational":[243],"ResNet18":[246],"ResNet34":[248],"while":[250],"maintaining":[251],"acceptable":[253],"loss":[255],"ImageNet":[258],"dataset.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-04T08:18:43.703281","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
