{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4361987253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2023.3264167","title":"<b>HyperSpikeASIC</b>: Accelerating Event-Based Workloads With HyperDimensional Computing and Spiking Neural Networks","display_name":"<b>HyperSpikeASIC</b>: Accelerating Event-Based Workloads With HyperDimensional Computing and Spiking Neural Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4361987253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2023.3264167"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2023.3264167","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2023.3264167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001236391","display_name":"Tianqi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1720-1613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tianqi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073841793","display_name":"Justing Morris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I226560621","display_name":"California State University, San Marcos","ror":"https://ror.org/01j8e0j24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226560621"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justing Morris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I226560621"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075324737","display_name":"Kenneth Stewart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7719-5796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Stewart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085426418","display_name":"Hin Wai Lui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7637-7168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hin Wai Lui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060490428","display_name":"Behnam Khaleghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3655-0501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Behnam Khaleghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089562358","display_name":"Anthony Thomas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001906013","display_name":"Thiago Goncalves-Marback","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thiago Goncalves-Marback","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029850946","display_name":"Bar\u0131\u015f Ak\u015fanl\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6347-9061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baris Aksanli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060924942","display_name":"Emre Neftci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0332-3273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emre O. Neftci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112841571","display_name":"Tajana Rosing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tajana Rosing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001236391"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6643,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67302516,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"11","first_page":"3997","last_page":"4010"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.6550451517105103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6416739225387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5894989967346191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extractor","display_name":"Extractor","score":0.5751441121101379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5171532034873962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4787653982639313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.450251966714859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.4179949462413788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39286354184150696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3485962152481079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.33813756704330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24542254209518433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.12037202715873718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.6550451517105103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6416739225387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5894989967346191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117978034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422192","display_name":"Extractor","level":2,"score":0.5751441121101379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5171532034873962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4787653982639313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.450251966714859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.4179949462413788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39286354184150696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3485962152481079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33813756704330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24542254209518433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.12037202715873718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2023.3264167","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2023.3264167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1624822810","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1730158","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2918674225","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1830331","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G317115702","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1911095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3744848179","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2112665","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4422425012","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2988.001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","funder_display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G502606643","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1826967","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5665456810","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2100237","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6003409357","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2112167","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6026952011","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2052809","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7181340123","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2003279","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7188551633","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1527034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7452611803","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1652159","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8784482690","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2003277","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9463276","https://openalex.org/W206948248","https://openalex.org/W1129461654","https://openalex.org/W1491802337","https://openalex.org/W1520489512","https://openalex.org/W1604973310","https://openalex.org/W1980178290","https://openalex.org/W2016708835","https://openalex.org/W2060956313","https://openalex.org/W2070862086","https://openalex.org/W2138913040","https://openalex.org/W2277240281","https://openalex.org/W2314470091","https://openalex.org/W2416532995","https://openalex.org/W2476008461","https://openalex.org/W2513068898","https://openalex.org/W2583857261","https://openalex.org/W2613567208","https://openalex.org/W2618255684","https://openalex.org/W2620474507","https://openalex.org/W2745933219","https://openalex.org/W2761921352","https://openalex.org/W2769815858","https://openalex.org/W2771100829","https://openalex.org/W2775079417","https://openalex.org/W2783525259","https://openalex.org/W2800613970","https://openalex.org/W2808550672","https://openalex.org/W2895367957","https://openalex.org/W2900379535","https://openalex.org/W2906048113","https://openalex.org/W2915418849","https://openalex.org/W2921131065","https://openalex.org/W2945276917","https://openalex.org/W2946432794","https://openalex.org/W2946584982","https://openalex.org/W2949989598","https://openalex.org/W2962804204","https://openalex.org/W2969945374","https://openalex.org/W2978865499","https://openalex.org/W2981539886","https://openalex.org/W3012119183","https://openalex.org/W3025773901","https://openalex.org/W3035644810","https://openalex.org/W3036478084","https://openalex.org/W3092127391","https://openalex.org/W3092176129","https://openalex.org/W3093947012","https://openalex.org/W3102087395","https://openalex.org/W3103415979","https://openalex.org/W3128387988","https://openalex.org/W3139657805","https://openalex.org/W3142770901","https://openalex.org/W3158860039","https://openalex.org/W3168260338","https://openalex.org/W3183351507","https://openalex.org/W3183719272","https://openalex.org/W3184299878","https://openalex.org/W3186723874","https://openalex.org/W3196972418","https://openalex.org/W3198060805","https://openalex.org/W3200520051","https://openalex.org/W3205392725","https://openalex.org/W3207178089","https://openalex.org/W4210299517","https://openalex.org/W4210357113","https://openalex.org/W4226051885","https://openalex.org/W4238614602","https://openalex.org/W4280605983","https://openalex.org/W4281767790","https://openalex.org/W4323708667","https://openalex.org/W6629353437","https://openalex.org/W6783398783","https://openalex.org/W6792797506","https://openalex.org/W6796199476","https://openalex.org/W6801157681","https://openalex.org/W6810879400","https://openalex.org/W6850626707"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2504004674","https://openalex.org/W2498744856","https://openalex.org/W1595229445","https://openalex.org/W4379116102","https://openalex.org/W3210882018","https://openalex.org/W2970990331","https://openalex.org/W3207178610","https://openalex.org/W3211782752","https://openalex.org/W4287203102","https://openalex.org/W3153981999"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today\u2019s":[0],"machine":[1],"learning":[2],"(ML)":[3],"systems,":[4],"running":[5,315],"workloads,":[6],"such":[7,93],"as":[8,94,136,154,156],"deep":[9],"neural":[10,75],"networks,":[11],"which":[12,126],"require":[13],"billions":[14],"of":[15,28,34,66],"parameters":[16],"and":[17,36,73,100,132,212,254,267,296,322,331],"many":[18],"hours":[19],"to":[20,31,44,96,106,141,149,159,184,273],"train":[21],"a":[22,25,128,137,142,238],"model,":[23],"consume":[24],"significant":[26],"amount":[27],"energy.":[29],"Due":[30],"the":[32,39,252,264,269,343],"complexity":[33],"computation":[35],"topology,":[37],"even":[38],"quantized":[40],"models":[41,68],"are":[42,69,104],"hard":[43],"deploy":[45],"on":[46,59,173,316],"edge":[47],"devices":[48],"under":[49],"energy":[50,221,305,340],"constraints.":[51],"To":[52],"combat":[53],"this,":[54],"researchers":[55],"have":[56],"been":[57],"focusing":[58],"new":[60],"emerging":[61],"neuromorphic":[62],"computing":[63,71],"models.":[64],"Two":[65],"those":[67],"hyperdimensional":[70],"(HDC)":[72],"spiking":[74],"networks":[76],"(SNNs),":[77],"both":[78],"with":[79],"their":[80],"own":[81],"benefits.":[82],"HDC":[83,144,146],"has":[84],"various":[85],"desirable":[86],"properties":[87],"that":[88,164],"other":[89],"ML":[90],"algorithms":[91],"lack,":[92],"robustness":[95,158],"noise,":[97],"simple":[98],"operations,":[99],"high":[101],"parallelism.":[102],"SNNs":[103],"able":[105],"process":[107],"event-based":[108],"signal":[109],"data":[110],"in":[111],"an":[112],"efficient":[113,152,222,306,341],"manner.":[114],"This":[115],"work":[116],"develops":[117],"<inline-formula":[118,165,175,196,204,213,230,242,256,280,288,297,308,323,332],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[119,166,176,197,205,214,231,243,257,281,289,298,309,324,333],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[120,167,177,198,206,215,232,244,258,282,290,299,310,325,334],"<tex-math":[121,168,178,199,207,216,233,245,259,283,291,300,311,326,335],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mathsf":[122,169,200,234,246,260,284,312],"{HyperSpike}$":[123,170,201,247,313],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[124,171,181,202,210,219,236,248,262,286,294,303,314,329,338],",":[125,237],"utilizes":[127],"single,":[129],"randomly":[130],"initialized,":[131],"untrained":[133],"SNN":[134,225,320,345],"layer":[135],"feature":[138],"extractor":[139],"connected":[140],"trained":[143],"classifier.":[145],"is":[147,172,203,287],"used":[148],"enable":[150],"more":[151,182,220,304,339],"classification":[153],"well":[155],"provide":[157],"errors.":[160],"We":[161,227],"experimentally":[162],"show":[163],"average":[174],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$31.5\\times":[179],"$":[180,209,218,293,302,328,337],"robust":[183],"errors":[185],"than":[186,307,342],"traditional":[187,224],"SNNs.":[188],"On":[189],"Intel\u2019s":[190,317],"Loihi":[191,318],"(Davies":[192],"et":[193,349],"al.,":[194,350],"2018),":[195],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$10\\times":[208],"faster":[211,295,330],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$2.6\\times":[217],"over":[223],"networks.":[226],"further":[228],"develop":[229],"{HyperSpikeASIC}$":[235,261,285],"customized":[239],"accelerator":[240],"for":[241,319],".":[249],"By":[250],"decoupling":[251],"neuron":[253,270],"synapses,":[255],"skips":[263],"inactive":[265],"neurons":[266],"limits":[268],"state":[271],"updating":[272],"once":[274],"per":[275],"time":[276],"step":[277],"at":[278],"most.":[279],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$601\\times":[292],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$3467\\times":[301],"acceleration,":[321],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$12.2\\times":[327],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$211\\times":[336],"state-of-the-art":[344],"ASIC":[346],"implementation":[347],"(Wang":[348],"2022).":[351]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}