{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323530352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2023.3253766","title":"FeFET-Based In-Memory Hyperdimensional Encoding Design","display_name":"FeFET-Based In-Memory Hyperdimensional Encoding Design","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323530352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2023.3253766"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2023.3253766","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2023.3253766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038892779","display_name":"Qingrong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3196-4203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingrong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3196-4203","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101520475","display_name":"Zeyu Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3910-5921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3910-5921","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075633314","display_name":"Kai Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3628-3431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Microelectronic Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3628-3431","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Microelectronic Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033221192","display_name":"Mohsen Imani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5761-0622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Imani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of California Irvine at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5761-0622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of California Irvine at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054211420","display_name":"Cheng Zhuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2610-7522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Zhuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Micro-Nano Electronics and the ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2610-7522","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Micro-Nano Electronics and the ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071383109","display_name":"Xunzhao Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4656-9545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xunzhao Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Collaborative Sensing and Autonomous Unmanned Systems of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Research Center for Intelligent Chips and Devices, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4656-9545","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Collaborative Sensing and Autonomous Unmanned Systems of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Intelligent Chips and Devices, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6614,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83103859,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"11","first_page":"3829","last_page":"3839"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10107","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7005364298820496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/von-neumann-architecture","display_name":"Von Neumann architecture","score":0.6758190989494324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.6215063333511353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5414919257164001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.49889111518859863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4608156085014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.37120920419692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3562791347503662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.34543144702911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3240300416946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20163875818252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11059814691543579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7005364298820496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80469333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189088","display_name":"Von Neumann architecture","level":2,"score":0.6758190989494324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.6215063333511353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5414919257164001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.49889111518859863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4608156085014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.37120920419692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3562791347503662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34543144702911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3240300416946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20163875818252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11059814691543579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2023.3253766","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2023.3253766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4065926314","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62104213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7436698130","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB4400300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7480401652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92164203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536792390","https://openalex.org/W1625170149","https://openalex.org/W1806144281","https://openalex.org/W1993533483","https://openalex.org/W2070862086","https://openalex.org/W2148554317","https://openalex.org/W2476008461","https://openalex.org/W2583357209","https://openalex.org/W2583857261","https://openalex.org/W2786159202","https://openalex.org/W2798654995","https://openalex.org/W2800070060","https://openalex.org/W2809429070","https://openalex.org/W2889210320","https://openalex.org/W2890653437","https://openalex.org/W2899077824","https://openalex.org/W2900379535","https://openalex.org/W2946512196","https://openalex.org/W2963446207","https://openalex.org/W2970402754","https://openalex.org/W2983032988","https://openalex.org/W2988640543","https://openalex.org/W3014426053","https://openalex.org/W3019791076","https://openalex.org/W3032819016","https://openalex.org/W3047881865","https://openalex.org/W3098780461","https://openalex.org/W3105115497","https://openalex.org/W3135205803","https://openalex.org/W3136522402","https://openalex.org/W3186440694","https://openalex.org/W3189995700","https://openalex.org/W3212965658","https://openalex.org/W3213126279","https://openalex.org/W4205807416","https://openalex.org/W4225916833","https://openalex.org/W4226346964","https://openalex.org/W4292169167","https://openalex.org/W4293023456","https://openalex.org/W4293024988","https://openalex.org/W4302066626","https://openalex.org/W4312121036","https://openalex.org/W4312991481","https://openalex.org/W6752394539","https://openalex.org/W6810474297","https://openalex.org/W6845443849"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W180879991","https://openalex.org/W3114280011","https://openalex.org/W4287549745","https://openalex.org/W2772186013","https://openalex.org/W4221167520","https://openalex.org/W2156278396","https://openalex.org/W1543808017","https://openalex.org/W2098483065","https://openalex.org/W4318685321","https://openalex.org/W992959538"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,134,162],"data":[1,35,79,101],"explosion":[2],"of":[3,5,42,97,170,183],"Internet":[4],"Things":[6],"(IoT)":[7],"and":[8,21,44,82,91,99,119,142,179,192],"machine":[9],"learning":[10],"tasks":[11,48],"raises":[12],"a":[13,29,94,195],"great":[14],"demand":[15],"on":[16,55,125,173],"highly":[17,177],"efficient":[18],"computing":[19,25,31,181],"hardware":[20],"paradigms.":[22],"Brain-inspired":[23],"hyperdimensional":[24,139],"(HDC)":[26],"is":[27],"becoming":[28],"promising":[30],"paradigm,":[32],"which":[33,151],"encodes":[34],"as":[36,71],"hypervectors":[37,84],"with":[38,158,194],"homogeneous":[39],"elements":[40],"instead":[41],"numbers,":[43],"can":[45],"perform":[46],"learning/classification":[47],"through":[49],"simple":[50],"logical":[51],"or":[52],"arithmetic":[53],"operations":[54,147],"the":[56,168,174,184,189],"encoded":[57],"hypervectors.":[58],"Therefore":[59],"HDC":[60,132,149,216],"has":[61],"much":[62],"lower":[63],"computational":[64,68],"complexity":[65],"than":[66],"conventional":[67,86],"models":[69],"such":[70],"neural":[72],"networks.":[73],"However,":[74],"due":[75],"to":[76],"its":[77,105],"high-dimensional":[78],"representation,":[80],"processing,":[81],"encoding":[83],"in":[85],"Von\u2013Neumann":[87],"architectures":[88],"(e.g.,":[89],"CPU":[90],"GPU)":[92],"requires":[93],"large":[95],"amount":[96],"energy-":[98],"time-consuming":[100],"transfer,":[102],"thus":[103],"weakening":[104],"efficiency":[106,191,209],"benefiting":[107],"from":[108],"low":[109],"complexity.":[110],"In":[111],"this":[112],"article,":[113],"we":[114],"proposed":[115,135,185,205],"an":[116],"ultralow":[117],"power":[118],"fast":[120],"computing-in-memory":[121],"(CiM)":[122],"design":[123,136,186,206],"based":[124],"nonvolatile":[126],"(NV)":[127],"ferroelectric":[128],"FET":[129],"(FeFET)":[130],"for":[131,148,215],"encoding.":[133,217],"mainly":[137],"support":[138],"bit-wise":[140],"XOR":[141],"parallel":[143,178],"majority":[144],"vote":[145],"(MAJ)":[146],"encoding,":[150],"are":[152],"implemented":[153],"by":[154],"FeFET-based":[155],"memories":[156],"together":[157],"CMOS":[159],"peripheral":[160],"circuits.":[161],"1FeFET1T-based":[163],"memory":[164],"cell":[165],"effectively":[166],"mitigates":[167],"impact":[169],"transistor":[171],"variations":[172],"operation.":[175],"A":[176],"pipelined":[180],"workflow":[182],"further":[187],"boosts":[188],"energy":[190],"performance":[193],"negligible":[196],"extra":[197],"area":[198],"overhead.":[199],"Experimental":[200],"results":[201],"demonstrate":[202],"that":[203],"our":[204],"achieves$5.04\\times":[207],"$energy":[208],"improvement":[210],"over":[211],"other":[212],"CiM":[213],"designs":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
