{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4322730907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2023.3250603","title":"A Generalized Residue Number System Design Approach for Ultralow-Power Arithmetic Circuits Based on Deterministic Bit-Streams","display_name":"A Generalized Residue Number System Design Approach for Ultralow-Power Arithmetic Circuits Based on Deterministic Bit-Streams","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4322730907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2023.3250603"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2023.3250603","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2023.3250603","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018444283","display_name":"Kamyar Givaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1194-1354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamyar Givaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1194-1354","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091782280","display_name":"Ahmad Khonsari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-4001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146419","display_name":"Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04xreqs31","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Khonsari","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","School of Computer Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-4001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108831439","display_name":"Mohammadhosein Gholamrezaei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152238500","display_name":"Chosun University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zt9a375","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. H. Gholamrezaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032446883","display_name":"Saeid Gorgin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5898-4872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152238500","display_name":"Chosun University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zt9a375","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeid Gorgin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012903661","display_name":"M. Hassan Najafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4655-6229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79516672","display_name":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8rc503","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799628689","https://openalex.org/I79516672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Hassan Najafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Informatics, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4655-6229","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Informatics, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79516672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9324,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95327003,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"11","first_page":"3787","last_page":"3800"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adder","display_name":"Adder","score":0.796001672744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6516731381416321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.6188013553619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.4980945587158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.48417335748672485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.4486267864704132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.4256017208099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.41811442375183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3602384626865387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.23310044407844543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2297123372554779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.2146359384059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14886242151260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09897497296333313}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.796001672744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6516731381416321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.6188013553619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4980945587158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.48417335748672485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.4486267864704132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.4256017208099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.41811442375183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3602384626865387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.23310044407844543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2297123372554779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.2146359384059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14886242151260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09897497296333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2023.3250603","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2023.3250603","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1040790491","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LEQSF(2020-23)-RD-A-26","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309392","funder_display_name":"Louisiana Board of Regents"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6486276977","display_name":"RII Track-2 FEC: Precise Regional Forecasting via Intelligent and Rapid Harnessing of National Scale Hydrometeorological Big Data","funder_award_id":"2019511","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309392","display_name":"Louisiana Board of Regents","ror":"https://ror.org/00jv89z46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","display_name":"Nvidia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314786","display_name":"Xilinx","ror":"https://ror.org/01rb7bk56"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177760375","https://openalex.org/W1007810504","https://openalex.org/W1519892046","https://openalex.org/W1589135268","https://openalex.org/W1601793793","https://openalex.org/W1672699986","https://openalex.org/W1964376276","https://openalex.org/W1967861055","https://openalex.org/W1971110824","https://openalex.org/W1977545311","https://openalex.org/W1991602527","https://openalex.org/W1997339082","https://openalex.org/W2000444017","https://openalex.org/W2001351812","https://openalex.org/W2003056114","https://openalex.org/W2016066384","https://openalex.org/W2031715633","https://openalex.org/W2039047711","https://openalex.org/W2043469410","https://openalex.org/W2061546331","https://openalex.org/W2063884927","https://openalex.org/W2069045670","https://openalex.org/W2091225468","https://openalex.org/W2096357438","https://openalex.org/W2101765144","https://openalex.org/W2115245846","https://openalex.org/W2117919933","https://openalex.org/W2118761303","https://openalex.org/W2118843807","https://openalex.org/W2124961742","https://openalex.org/W2130409149","https://openalex.org/W2140867083","https://openalex.org/W2148682337","https://openalex.org/W2152264614","https://openalex.org/W2152373292","https://openalex.org/W2157078482","https://openalex.org/W2157999631","https://openalex.org/W2164789990","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2296101864","https://openalex.org/W2533474659","https://openalex.org/W2539463133","https://openalex.org/W2545238695","https://openalex.org/W2563139900","https://openalex.org/W2579041139","https://openalex.org/W2770265919","https://openalex.org/W2789516105","https://openalex.org/W2900009113","https://openalex.org/W2909368414","https://openalex.org/W2921531394","https://openalex.org/W2954534233","https://openalex.org/W2967456992","https://openalex.org/W2971920489","https://openalex.org/W3017282344","https://openalex.org/W3092331354","https://openalex.org/W3119406088","https://openalex.org/W3173951621","https://openalex.org/W3184528658","https://openalex.org/W4200561333","https://openalex.org/W4221109973","https://openalex.org/W4237773356","https://openalex.org/W4308083580","https://openalex.org/W4308083836","https://openalex.org/W4308083848"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390550886","https://openalex.org/W3217463396","https://openalex.org/W2790557758","https://openalex.org/W2516396101","https://openalex.org/W3204929712","https://openalex.org/W4295102875","https://openalex.org/W2015457513","https://openalex.org/W2300671402","https://openalex.org/W4312888585","https://openalex.org/W3212668432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,29,65,79,135,190],"peak":[1,31],"power":[2,33,48,90,187,226,249],"consumption":[3,250],"has":[4],"become":[5],"an":[6,209],"important":[7],"concern":[8],"in":[9,34,40,51,85,132,184],"the":[10,44,113,123,133,140,153,162,166,213,238],"hardware":[11],"design":[12,59,97,172,222,243],"process":[13],"of":[14,16,122,186,192],"some":[15],"today\u2019s":[17],"applications,":[18,200],"such":[19],"as":[20],"energy":[21],"harvesting":[22],"(EH)":[23],"and":[24,37,108,147,155,169,182,204,247],"bio-implantable":[25],"(BI)":[26],"electronic":[27],"devices.":[28,53],"limited":[30],"harvested":[32],"EH":[35],"devices":[36,42],"heating":[38],"concerns":[39],"BI":[41],"are":[43,68],"main":[45],"reasons":[46],"for":[47,61,119,173],"control\u2019s":[49],"importance":[50],"these":[52,117],"This":[54],"article":[55],"proposes":[56],"a":[57,88,156,170,231,253],"generalized":[58],"approach":[60,194],"ultralow-power":[62],"arithmetic":[63],"circuits.":[64,134],"proposed":[66,114,141,163,214,239],"circuits":[67,81],"based":[69],"on":[70,144,178],"residue":[71],"number":[72],"system":[73],"(RNS)":[74],"combined":[75],"with":[76,87,237],"deterministic":[77],"bit-streams.":[78],"resulting":[80],"can":[82,125],"be":[83,126],"used":[84],"systems":[86],"restricted":[89],"budget.":[91],"We":[92,207,228],"suggest":[93],"several":[94],"approaches":[95],"to":[96,152,217,252],"generic":[98],"hardware-efficient":[99],"adders,":[100],"multipliers,":[101],"multiply-accumulate":[102],"(MAC)":[103],"unit,":[104],"forward":[105],"converters":[106,110],"(FCs),":[107],"reverse":[109],"(RCs).":[111],"Using":[112],"approach,":[115],"designing":[116],"components":[118],"any":[120],"moduli":[121],"RNS":[124,158,175,219],"performed":[127],"through":[128],"simple":[129],"bit-width":[130],"adjustments":[131],"synthesis":[136],"results":[137],"show":[138],"that":[139],"adder":[142],"achieves,":[143],"average,":[145,179],"69%":[146],"2%":[148],"lower":[149,225,248],"area":[150],"compared":[151,251],"bit-serial":[154],"state-of-the-art":[157,171,254],"adder,":[159],"respectively.":[160,189],"Furthermore,":[161],"multiplier":[164],"outperforms":[165],"bit-serial,":[167],"interleaved,":[168],"multiplying":[174],"numbers":[176],"by,":[177],"57%,":[180],"60%,":[181],"77%":[183],"terms":[185],"consumption,":[188],"efficiency":[191],"our":[193,221],"is":[195],"shown":[196],"via":[197],"two":[198],"essential":[199],"digital":[201],"signal":[202],"processing,":[203],"machine":[205],"learning.":[206],"implement":[208,230],"FFT":[210],"engine":[211],"using":[212],"method.":[215],"Compared":[216],"prior":[218],"implementations,":[220],"achieves":[223],"47%":[224],"consumption.":[227],"also":[229],"CNN":[232],"accelerator\u2019s":[233],"processing":[234],"element":[235],"(PE)":[236],"computation":[240],"elements.":[241],"Our":[242],"provides":[244],"considerable":[245],"speedup":[246],"ultralower-power":[255],"design.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
