{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319341666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2023.3242858","title":"In-Memory Computing Circuit Implementation of Complex-Valued Hopfield Neural Network for Efficient Portrait Restoration","display_name":"In-Memory Computing Circuit Implementation of Complex-Valued Hopfield Neural Network for Efficient Portrait Restoration","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319341666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2023.3242858"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2023.3242858","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2023.3242858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052210009","display_name":"Qinghui Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6210-6033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qinghui Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6210-6033","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038039587","display_name":"Haotian Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-4487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haotian Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microelectronics Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-4487","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microelectronics Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033661455","display_name":"Yiyang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7236-4538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7236-4538","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiliang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8698-3217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiliang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8698-3217","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052210009"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2193,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8778004,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"10","first_page":"3338","last_page":"3351"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7765110731124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7010493278503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6694809198379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6541673541069031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplication","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","score":0.487490177154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.33729156851768494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.29568612575531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27377647161483765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10891857743263245}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7765110731124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7010493278503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6694809198379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6541673541069031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780595030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3860309","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","level":2,"score":0.487490177154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.33729156851768494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.29568612575531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27377647161483765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10891857743263245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2023.3242858","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2023.3242858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-131743","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-131743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2430261878","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021JJ40111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4369517068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62234008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4643428911","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020JJ4221","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4757893089","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U20A20202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G485163565","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62122023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5690989117","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001163","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47185105","https://openalex.org/W1519761144","https://openalex.org/W1967364127","https://openalex.org/W1971335049","https://openalex.org/W1983444850","https://openalex.org/W1990375062","https://openalex.org/W2035115895","https://openalex.org/W2045443820","https://openalex.org/W2096798358","https://openalex.org/W2109851675","https://openalex.org/W2110618757","https://openalex.org/W2116206623","https://openalex.org/W2127152302","https://openalex.org/W2184334976","https://openalex.org/W2342905231","https://openalex.org/W2563492561","https://openalex.org/W2611538257","https://openalex.org/W2735720847","https://openalex.org/W2739304423","https://openalex.org/W2750684996","https://openalex.org/W2764175721","https://openalex.org/W2775771159","https://openalex.org/W2782046614","https://openalex.org/W2792275277","https://openalex.org/W2793344044","https://openalex.org/W2807750997","https://openalex.org/W2883659690","https://openalex.org/W2899749435","https://openalex.org/W2915404303","https://openalex.org/W2921639412","https://openalex.org/W2955930500","https://openalex.org/W2963372104","https://openalex.org/W2964125708","https://openalex.org/W2978246915","https://openalex.org/W2990765879","https://openalex.org/W3017249852","https://openalex.org/W3017527295","https://openalex.org/W3032652572","https://openalex.org/W3074061299","https://openalex.org/W3083318754","https://openalex.org/W3086309233","https://openalex.org/W3090288569","https://openalex.org/W3105821806","https://openalex.org/W3117114592","https://openalex.org/W3118059217","https://openalex.org/W3119537022","https://openalex.org/W3163561144","https://openalex.org/W3166526827","https://openalex.org/W3178588163","https://openalex.org/W3193327410","https://openalex.org/W3199517246","https://openalex.org/W3207846280","https://openalex.org/W4310018699","https://openalex.org/W6631069663","https://openalex.org/W6676392675","https://openalex.org/W6677605439","https://openalex.org/W6679354448","https://openalex.org/W6770166933","https://openalex.org/W6796356903"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3093936885","https://openalex.org/W2994146737","https://openalex.org/W295308437","https://openalex.org/W2992046671","https://openalex.org/W2106539092","https://openalex.org/W4205300683","https://openalex.org/W334259611","https://openalex.org/W2046435967","https://openalex.org/W2731029811","https://openalex.org/W4210772589"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Complex-valued":[0],"neural":[1,16,38,55],"networks":[2],"have":[3,117],"better":[4],"optimization":[5],"capabilities,":[6],"stronger":[7],"robustness,":[8],"and":[9,67,87,115,156,177],"richer":[10],"characterization":[11],"capabilities":[12],"compared":[13],"with":[14],"real-valued":[15],"networks,":[17],"which":[18,62,81],"has":[19,178],"achieved":[20],"good":[21],"results":[22,141],"in":[23],"the":[24,59,92,107,112,133,136,144,151,157,167],"field":[25],"of":[26,36,51,109,135,147,153,174],"portrait":[27,72,122,125],"restoration.":[28,73,123],"However,":[29],"there":[30],"is":[31,79,103],"almost":[32],"no":[33],"circuit":[34,49,70,96,168],"implementation":[35,50],"complex-valued":[37,53,85,88],"networks.":[39],"Based":[40],"on":[41,132],"this,":[42],"this":[43],"article":[44],"proposes":[45],"an":[46],"in-memory":[47,110],"computing":[48],"a":[52,64,75,94,171],"Hopfield":[54],"network":[56],"(CHNN)":[57],"for":[58,71],"first":[60],"time,":[61],"provides":[63],"highly":[65],"accurate":[66],"efficient":[68],"processing":[69],"First,":[74],"new":[76],"memristive":[77,137],"array":[78],"proposed,":[80],"can":[82,98,128,149,159,169],"realize":[83],"parallel":[84],"multiplication":[86],"vector\u2013matrix":[89],"multiplication.":[90],"On":[91],"basis,":[93],"CHNN":[95,148],"that":[97,143,166],"perform":[99],"large-scale":[100],"recursive":[101],"computations":[102],"designed.":[104],"Due":[105],"to":[106],"characteristics":[108],"computation,":[111],"computation":[113],"speed":[114,146],"robustness":[116],"been":[118],"improved":[119],"when":[120],"realizing":[121],"Different":[124],"restoration":[126],"scenarios":[127],"be":[129],"realized":[130],"based":[131],"programmability":[134],"array.":[138],"Pspice":[139],"simulation":[140],"show":[142],"recovery":[145],"reach":[150,160],"level":[152],"0.1":[154],"ms,":[155],"accuracy":[158],"above":[161],"97.00%.":[162],"Robustness":[163],"analysis":[164],"shows":[165],"tolerate":[170],"certain":[172],"degree":[173],"programming":[175],"error":[176],"strong":[179],"anti-noise":[180],"performance.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-05T09:01:59.212387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}