{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312327624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3218763","title":"Snap-3D: A Constrained Placement-Driven Physical Design Methodology for High Performance 3-D ICs","display_name":"Snap-3D: A Constrained Placement-Driven Physical Design Methodology for High Performance 3-D ICs","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312327624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3218763"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2022.3218763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3218763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073660004","display_name":"Pruek Vanna-Iampikul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2897-7142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pruek Vanna-Iampikul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2897-7142","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004063070","display_name":"Chengjia Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7879-9560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengjia Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021997733","display_name":"Yi\u2010Chen Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1481-9167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Chen Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1481-9167","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015819338","display_name":"Sai Pentapati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3966-1749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sai Pentapati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3966-1749","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080432192","display_name":"Yun Jung Heo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3642-2486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Heo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Engineering Company Ltd., Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Engineering Company Ltd., Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102915526","display_name":"Jaeseung Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3100-1324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-Seung Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Engineering Company Ltd., Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Engineering Company Ltd., Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052950521","display_name":"Sung Kyu Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2267-5282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung Kyu Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6463,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6746102,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"7","first_page":"2331","last_page":"2335"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11527","display_name":"3D IC and TSV technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11527","display_name":"3D IC and TSV technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11338","display_name":"Advancements in Photolithography Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-design","display_name":"Physical design","score":0.7718604803085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6164540648460388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-cell","display_name":"Standard cell","score":0.5963029861450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homogeneous","display_name":"Homogeneous","score":0.5520070195198059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.548832893371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit-design","display_name":"Integrated circuit design","score":0.5412989854812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-flow","display_name":"Design flow","score":0.49042460322380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.47117096185684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4464878737926483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.43530434370040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-design","display_name":"Circuit design","score":0.3717101812362671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.331107497215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3277050852775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.23593619465827942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1097729504108429}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188817802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13426855","display_name":"Physical design","level":3,"score":0.7718604803085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6164540648460388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78401558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464496","display_name":"Standard cell","level":3,"score":0.5963029861450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66882249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169336","display_name":"Homogeneous","level":2,"score":0.5520070195198059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.548832893371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74524168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074539","display_name":"Integrated circuit design","level":2,"score":0.5412989854812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37135326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931942","display_name":"Design flow","level":2,"score":0.49042460322380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.47117096185684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4464878737926483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43530434370040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190560348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3245116","display_name":"Circuit design","level":2,"score":0.3717101812362671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.331107497215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3277050852775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.23593619465827942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1097729504108429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2022.3218763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3218763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6628780014","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GRC Task 2929","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","funder_display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7088081242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR001118C0096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332195","display_name":"Samsung","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163262984","https://openalex.org/W2538167498","https://openalex.org/W2569250791","https://openalex.org/W2982250197","https://openalex.org/W2984636074","https://openalex.org/W3111761932","https://openalex.org/W3136387861","https://openalex.org/W3213578283"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253195573","https://openalex.org/W2020934033","https://openalex.org/W2070693700","https://openalex.org/W2151657833","https://openalex.org/W2078506771","https://openalex.org/W1965232212","https://openalex.org/W2156138647","https://openalex.org/W1617216077","https://openalex.org/W2134664711","https://openalex.org/W1987597317"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"3-D":[0,19,41,44,54,73,110,118,156,204],"integration":[1,20,25],"technology":[2],"is":[3,22,123,134,160],"one":[4],"of":[5,17,29,39,89],"the":[6,18,23,27,33,37,90,126,130,149,176],"leading":[7],"options":[8],"to":[9,52,107,162,192],"advance":[10],"Moore\u2019s":[11],"Law":[12],"beyond":[13],"conventional":[14],"scaling.":[15],"One":[16],"choice":[21],"heterogeneous":[24,95,117],"with":[26,202],"benefits":[28],"power":[30],"saving":[31],"over":[32],"homogeneous":[34,115],"integration.":[35,96],"With":[36],"lack":[38],"commercial":[40,50,142],"tools,":[42],"existing":[43],"physical":[45,59],"design":[46,80,178,205],"flows":[47,63,91],"utilize":[48],"2-D":[49,65,143],"tools":[51],"perform":[53],"integrated":[55],"circuit":[56],"(3-D":[57],"IC)":[58],"synthesis.":[60],"Specifically,":[61],"these":[62],"build":[64,108],"designs":[66,186],"first":[67],"and":[68,87,116,136,152,166,174,197],"then":[69],"convert":[70],"them":[71,147],"into":[72,138],"designs.":[74],"However,":[75],"several":[76],"works":[77],"demonstrate":[78,187],"that":[79,128,188],"qualities":[81],"degrade":[82],"during":[83],"this":[84,98],"2-D\u20133-D":[85],"transformation":[86],"some":[88],"do":[92],"not":[93],"support":[94],"In":[97],"article,":[99],"we":[100],"propose":[101],"Snap-3D,":[102],"a":[103],"constraint-driven":[104],"placement":[105],"approach":[106],"commercial-quality":[109],"ICs,":[111],"which":[112],"supports":[113],"both":[114],"ICs.":[119],"Our":[120],"key":[121],"idea":[122],"based":[124],"on":[125,183],"observation":[127],"if":[129],"standard":[131],"cell":[132],"height":[133],"contracted":[135],"partitioned":[137],"multiple":[139],"tiers,":[140],"any":[141],"placer":[144],"can":[145],"place":[146],"onto":[148],"row":[150],"structure":[151],"naturally":[153],"achieve":[154],"high-quality":[155],"placement.":[157],"This":[158],"methodology":[159],"shown":[161],"optimize":[163],"power,":[164,196],"performance,":[165],"area":[167],"(PPA)":[168],"metrics":[169],"across":[170],"different":[171],"tiers":[172],"simultaneously":[173],"minimize":[175],"aforementioned":[177],"quality":[179],"loss.":[180],"Experimental":[181],"results":[182],"seven":[184],"industrial":[185],"Snap-3D":[189],"achieves":[190],"up":[191],"10.9%":[193],"wirelength,":[194],"9%":[195],"25%":[198],"performance":[199],"improvements":[200],"compared":[201],"state-of-the-art":[203],"flows.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
