{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309054608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3213210","title":"Reducing the CNOT Count for Clifford+T Circuits on NISQ Architectures","display_name":"Reducing the CNOT Count for Clifford+T Circuits on NISQ Architectures","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309054608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3213210"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2022.3213210","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3213210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026045054","display_name":"Vlad Gheorghiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4172-9186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vlad Gheorghiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","softwareQ Inc., Kitchener, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"softwareQ Inc., Kitchener, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101940974","display_name":"Jiaxin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4036-3741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4036-3741","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054501839","display_name":"Sarah Meng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1415-4145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Meng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Quantum Computing and the Department of Combinatorics and Optimization, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Quantum Computing and the Department of Combinatorics and Optimization, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009567571","display_name":"Michele Mosca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7076-3095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183974707","display_name":"Perimeter Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/013m0ej23","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183974707"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Mosca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","Department of Combinatorics and Optimization, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Combinatorics and Optimization, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183974707"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032675827","display_name":"Priyanka Mukhopadhyay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6463-9100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Priyanka Mukhopadhyay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Quantum Computing and the Department of Combinatorics and Optimization, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6463-9100","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Quantum Computing and the Department of Combinatorics and Optimization, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026045054"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.607,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93770921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"6","first_page":"1873","last_page":"1884"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controlled-not-gate","display_name":"Controlled NOT gate","score":0.8774580359458923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6557337641716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qubit","display_name":"Qubit","score":0.653731644153595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.600216269493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-circuit","display_name":"Quantum circuit","score":0.482983261346817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-gate","display_name":"Quantum gate","score":0.455517441034317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33862945437431335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.325746089220047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-error-correction","display_name":"Quantum error correction","score":0.2813751697540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.2397451102733612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1128796935081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.08984115719795227}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182953411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917713","display_name":"Controlled NOT gate","level":5,"score":0.8774580359458923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6557337641716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.653731644153595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.600216269493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124148022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122210","display_name":"Quantum circuit","level":5,"score":0.482983261346817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58849907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2118982","display_name":"Quantum gate","level":4,"score":0.455517441034317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33862945437431335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.325746089220047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51003876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536431","display_name":"Quantum error correction","level":4,"score":0.2813751697540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.2397451102733612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1128796935081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08984115719795227}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2022.3213210","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3213210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319880","display_name":"Government of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/010q4q527"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1569024294","https://openalex.org/W1599281901","https://openalex.org/W1975824633","https://openalex.org/W1976584101","https://openalex.org/W2000867743","https://openalex.org/W2002372750","https://openalex.org/W2006051991","https://openalex.org/W2023675295","https://openalex.org/W2037129099","https://openalex.org/W2039298646","https://openalex.org/W2042492403","https://openalex.org/W2044693496","https://openalex.org/W2046826122","https://openalex.org/W2053870136","https://openalex.org/W2110587578","https://openalex.org/W2137147061","https://openalex.org/W2152620223","https://openalex.org/W2179731956","https://openalex.org/W2283340988","https://openalex.org/W2295914076","https://openalex.org/W2336871513","https://openalex.org/W2396827774","https://openalex.org/W2401457073","https://openalex.org/W2401610261","https://openalex.org/W2468792555","https://openalex.org/W2582390145","https://openalex.org/W2616974032","https://openalex.org/W2716515748","https://openalex.org/W2739096829","https://openalex.org/W2771726258","https://openalex.org/W2781738013","https://openalex.org/W2889938786","https://openalex.org/W2900657495","https://openalex.org/W2901060757","https://openalex.org/W2908999967","https://openalex.org/W2912359415","https://openalex.org/W2934743019","https://openalex.org/W2950830770","https://openalex.org/W2951887194","https://openalex.org/W2951941521","https://openalex.org/W2963831130","https://openalex.org/W2963837308","https://openalex.org/W2964148776","https://openalex.org/W2964284517","https://openalex.org/W2980678955","https://openalex.org/W3013348036","https://openalex.org/W3025492307","https://openalex.org/W3041601145","https://openalex.org/W3046310365","https://openalex.org/W3100931082","https://openalex.org/W3101571824","https://openalex.org/W3102754027","https://openalex.org/W3103012664","https://openalex.org/W3104914200","https://openalex.org/W3105362324","https://openalex.org/W3105685806","https://openalex.org/W3132868519","https://openalex.org/W3195067514","https://openalex.org/W3209612530","https://openalex.org/W4252740254","https://openalex.org/W4287589931","https://openalex.org/W4287599794","https://openalex.org/W4298201265","https://openalex.org/W6634016441","https://openalex.org/W6635928891","https://openalex.org/W6676407914","https://openalex.org/W6683356664","https://openalex.org/W6695671686","https://openalex.org/W6735836283","https://openalex.org/W6753291187","https://openalex.org/W6758854463","https://openalex.org/W6785749999","https://openalex.org/W6800451843","https://openalex.org/W6840783023"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3200714110","https://openalex.org/W2037793298","https://openalex.org/W4385261786","https://openalex.org/W2065516801","https://openalex.org/W2565839197","https://openalex.org/W4320854618","https://openalex.org/W4323041278","https://openalex.org/W2066640878","https://openalex.org/W3092615945","https://openalex.org/W2808177279"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"mapping":[1,125],"a":[2,58,192],"quantum":[3,83],"circuit":[4,90,178],"to":[5,11,38,46,131,159,182],"the":[6,13,18,24,48,68,72,89,92,99,119,173,202],"physical":[7,25,53],"layer":[8],"one":[9,28],"has":[10],"consider":[12,67],"numerous":[14],"constraints":[15],"imposed":[16],"by":[17],"underlying":[19],"hardware":[20],"architecture.":[21],"Connectivity":[22],"of":[23,70,94,121,172],"qubits":[26,50],"is":[27],"such":[29,35,135],"constraint":[30],"that":[31],"restricts":[32],"two-qubit":[33],"operations,":[34],"as":[36,136,164,166],"CNOT,":[37],"\u201cconnected\u201d":[39],"qubits.":[40],"SWAP":[41,168],"gates":[42,96,197],"can":[43],"be":[44,198],"used":[45],"place":[47],"logical":[49],"on":[51,77,114],"admissible":[52],"qubits,":[54],"but":[55],"they":[56],"entail":[57],"significant":[59],"increase":[60],"in":[61,74,175],"CNOT-count.":[62],"In":[63],"this":[64],"article,":[65],"we":[66],"problem":[69],"reducing":[71],"CNOT-count":[73,157],"Clifford+T":[75],"circuits":[76,130,190],"connectivity-constrained":[78],"architectures,":[79,134],"like":[80],"noisy":[81],"intermediate-scale":[82],"(NISQ)":[84],"computing":[85],"devices.":[86],"We":[87,117],"\u201cslice\u201d":[88],"at":[91],"position":[93],"Hadamard":[95],"and":[97,128,149,161],"\u201cbuild\u201d":[98],"intermediate":[100],"<inline-formula":[101],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[102],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[103],"<tex-math":[104],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\{\\text":[105],"{CNOT},{T}\\}$":[106],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[107],"subcircuits":[108],"using":[109,167],"Steiner":[110],"trees,":[111],"significantly":[112],"improving":[113],"previous":[115,203],"methods.":[116],"compared":[118,158],"performance":[120],"our":[122,186],"algorithms":[123],"while":[124],"different":[126],"benchmark":[127],"random":[129],"some":[132],"well-known":[133],"9-qubit":[137],"square":[138,141],"grid,":[139,142],"16-qubit":[140,144,146],"Rigetti":[143],"Aspen,":[145],"IBM":[147,151],"QX5,":[148],"20-qubit":[150],"Tokyo.":[152],"Our":[153],"methods":[154,204],"give":[155],"less":[156],"Qiskit":[160],"TKET":[162],"transpiler":[163],"well":[165],"gates.":[169],"Assuming":[170],"most":[171],"errors":[174],"an":[176],"NISQ":[177],"implementation":[179],"are":[180],"due":[181],"CNOT":[183,196],"errors,":[184],"then":[185],"method":[187],"would":[188,205],"allow":[189],"with":[191],"few":[193],"times":[194],"more":[195],"reliably":[199],"implemented":[200],"than":[201],"permit.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
