{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312872986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3209530","title":"Construction of Realistic Place-and-Route Benchmarks for Machine Learning Applications","display_name":"Construction of Realistic Place-and-Route Benchmarks for Machine Learning Applications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312872986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3209530"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2022.3209530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3209530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100644921","display_name":"Daeyeon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5879-8313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daeyeon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5879-8313","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030207377","display_name":"Sung-Yun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4141-6411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung-Yun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4141-6411","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077052572","display_name":"Kyungjun Min","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-5484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyungjun Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-5484","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044543389","display_name":"Seokhyeong Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3015-1806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seokhyeong Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3015-1806","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100644921"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4771,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81873614,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"6","first_page":"2030","last_page":"2042"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netlist","display_name":"Netlist","score":0.9795920848846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.855038046836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7190974354743958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5810157060623169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5586686730384827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.5012860298156738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4818588197231293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.47980836033821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-design","display_name":"Physical design","score":0.4461904764175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.4397602677345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.4309428036212921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3470023274421692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.22945696115493774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-design","display_name":"Circuit design","score":0.21699753403663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12260955572128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12233150005340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09453287720680237}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177650935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1760303","display_name":"Netlist","level":2,"score":0.9795920848846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.855038046836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7190974354743958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5810157060623169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5586686730384827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.5012860298156738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4818588197231293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47980836033821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188817802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13426855","display_name":"Physical design","level":3,"score":0.4461904764175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.4397602677345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4309428036212921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3470023274421692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.22945696115493774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190560348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3245116","display_name":"Circuit design","level":2,"score":0.21699753403663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12260955572128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12233150005340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09453287720680237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2022.3209530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3209530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8829247990","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0-00754","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974368829","https://openalex.org/W2025183033","https://openalex.org/W2036887984","https://openalex.org/W2039288205","https://openalex.org/W2051485741","https://openalex.org/W2083619093","https://openalex.org/W2090905705","https://openalex.org/W2091822235","https://openalex.org/W2119916477","https://openalex.org/W2122674270","https://openalex.org/W2165112989","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2554031552","https://openalex.org/W2793662773","https://openalex.org/W2794271438","https://openalex.org/W2966284335","https://openalex.org/W2975317124","https://openalex.org/W3035808436","https://openalex.org/W3175784602","https://openalex.org/W3185136323","https://openalex.org/W3204573923","https://openalex.org/W4200141518","https://openalex.org/W4246276176","https://openalex.org/W4256270623","https://openalex.org/W4289489637","https://openalex.org/W6754677871","https://openalex.org/W6766596047"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245336546","https://openalex.org/W2038511870","https://openalex.org/W2037756218","https://openalex.org/W2123076670","https://openalex.org/W3129822007","https://openalex.org/W1941005775","https://openalex.org/W2128446417","https://openalex.org/W2059633553","https://openalex.org/W4233884648","https://openalex.org/W2169510384"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"design":[1,17,22],"optimization":[2],"methods":[3],"using":[4,71,122],"machine":[5],"learning":[6],"(ML)":[7],"techniques":[8],"have":[9],"been":[10,34,132],"investigated":[11],"to":[12,29,53,113,127],"reduce":[13],"the":[14,20,37,46,68,88,92,108,111,115,128,139,144],"number":[15],"of":[16,39,45,91,110],"iterations":[18],"in":[19,60,142],"physical":[21],"flow.":[23],"The":[24,64],"demand":[25],"for":[26,58,117],"big":[27],"data":[28],"support":[30],"ML":[31,62],"research":[32],"has":[33],"increasing,":[35],"but":[36],"lack":[38],"place-and-route":[40],"(P&R)":[41],"benchmarks":[42,57],"is":[43],"one":[44],"major":[47],"problems.":[48],"We":[49,94],"propose":[50],"a":[51,97],"framework":[52,65],"construct":[54],"realistic":[55],"P&R":[56,69],"use":[59],"training":[61,98],"applications.":[63],"can":[66,77,106],"organize":[67],"database":[70],"an":[72],"artificial":[73,103],"netlist":[74,81],"generator,":[75],"which":[76],"create":[78],"any":[79],"gate-level":[80,104],"from":[82],"user-specified":[83],"input":[84],"parameters":[85],"that":[86,96,100,130],"represent":[87],"topological":[89],"characteristics":[90],"circuit.":[93],"show":[95],"dataset":[99],"contains":[101],"many":[102],"netlists":[105],"improve":[107],"generalizability":[109],"model":[112,129],"predict":[114],"routability":[116],"unseen":[118],"real":[119],"circuits":[120],"without":[121],"expensive":[123],"real-world":[124,135],"data.":[125],"Compared":[126],"had":[131],"trained":[133],"with":[134],"circuits,":[136],"we":[137],"improved":[138],"F1":[140],"score":[141],"predicting":[143],"timing":[145],"and":[146,151],"routing":[147],"failure":[148],"by":[149],"26.4%":[150],"54.5%,":[152],"respectively.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-28T09:10:13.091523","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
