{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296211387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3207316","title":"Variation Enhanced Attacks Against RRAM-Based Neuromorphic Computing System","display_name":"Variation Enhanced Attacks Against RRAM-Based Neuromorphic Computing System","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296211387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3207316"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2022.3207316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3207316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.09902","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020999085","display_name":"Hao Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3504-265X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3504-265X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100451305","display_name":"Bing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0732-2267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0732-2267","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100433860","display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9711-8758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100384309","display_name":"Cheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5542-7306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5542-7306","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100346965","display_name":"Ying Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5172-4736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5172-4736","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2232,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44649005,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"5","first_page":"1588","last_page":"1596"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.8219800591468811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.7682971358299255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7080787420272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.54616779088974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","score":0.5421546101570129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5193782448768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.43679869174957275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.42998161911964417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.41458749771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.4101664423942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.40418335795402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3185397982597351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11950123310089111}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.8219800591468811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7682971358299255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7080787420272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.54616779088974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182019814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143830","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.5421546101570129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5193782448768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.43679869174957275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.42998161911964417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.41458749771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.4101664423942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.40418335795402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3185397982597351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11950123310089111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2022.3207316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3207316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2302.09902","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2302.09902","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.09902","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2302.09902","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2302.09902","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.09902","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2648887263","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62222411","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4364077616","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4194092","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G663016133","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62204164","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8235680439","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61874124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296211387.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W2016922062","https://openalex.org/W2022208730","https://openalex.org/W2101091847","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2399958287","https://openalex.org/W2408724663","https://openalex.org/W2508602506","https://openalex.org/W2518281301","https://openalex.org/W2613989746","https://openalex.org/W2625840880","https://openalex.org/W2626719825","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2909534142","https://openalex.org/W2945429037","https://openalex.org/W2946522000","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W3006150812","https://openalex.org/W3011803421","https://openalex.org/W3113276786","https://openalex.org/W4242053016","https://openalex.org/W4243519499","https://openalex.org/W4254672563","https://openalex.org/W4288337628","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6679436768","https://openalex.org/W6739868092","https://openalex.org/W6755207826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386475142","https://openalex.org/W2793181810","https://openalex.org/W2891417865","https://openalex.org/W1967489488","https://openalex.org/W2806638311","https://openalex.org/W2785635065","https://openalex.org/W2893723691","https://openalex.org/W2517651798","https://openalex.org/W2950183588","https://openalex.org/W3080754722"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,31,101,120],"RRAM-based":[1,55],"neuromorphic":[2],"computing":[3],"system":[4],"(NCS)":[5],"has":[6,73],"amassed":[7],"explosive":[8],"interests":[9],"for":[10],"its":[11],"superior":[12],"data":[13],"processing":[14],"capability":[15],"and":[16,22,33,57,99],"energy":[17],"efficiency":[18],"than":[19],"traditional":[20],"architectures,":[21],"thus":[23],"being":[24],"widely":[25],"used":[26],"in":[27],"many":[28],"data-centric":[29],"applications.":[30],"reliability":[32],"security":[34],"issues":[35],"of":[36,89,117],"the":[37,50,54,60,69,110,115,129,147,157,162,166,192],"NCS,":[38],"therefore,":[39],"become":[40],"an":[41,104],"essential":[42],"problem.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"article,":[46],"we":[47,85],"systematically":[48],"investigated":[49],"adversarial":[51,105],"threats":[52],"to":[53,67,95,113,141,160],"NCS":[56],"observed":[58],"that":[59,134,173],"RRAM":[61,158],"hardware":[62],"feature":[63],"can":[64,178],"be":[65,139],"leveraged":[66],"strengthen":[68],"attack":[70,82,91,97,154,168,176,182,193],"effect,":[71],"which":[72,108,127],"not":[74],"been":[75],"granted":[76],"sufficient":[77],"attention":[78],"by":[79],"previous":[80],"algorithmic":[81],"methods.":[83,169],"Thus,":[84],"proposed":[86],"two":[87],"types":[88],"hardware-aware":[90,175],"methods":[92,155,177],"with":[93,165,185],"respect":[94],"different":[96],"scenarios":[98],"objectives.":[100],"first":[102],"is":[103,122],"attack,":[106,125],"VADER,":[107],"perturbs":[109,128],"input":[111],"samples":[112],"mislead":[114],"prediction":[116,148],"neural":[118],"networks.":[119],"second":[121],"fault":[123],"injection":[124],"EFI,":[126],"network":[130],"parameter":[131],"space":[132],"such":[133],"a":[135,142],"specified":[136],"sample":[137],"will":[138],"classified":[140],"target":[143],"label,":[144],"while":[145,190],"maintaining":[146,191],"accuracy":[149],"on":[150],"other":[151],"samples.":[152],"Both":[153],"leverage":[156],"properties":[159],"improve":[161],"performance":[163],"compared":[164],"conventional":[167],"Experimental":[170],"results":[171],"show":[172],"our":[174],"achieve":[179],"nearly":[180],"100%":[181],"success":[183],"rate":[184],"extremely":[186],"low":[187],"operational":[188],"cost,":[189],"stealthiness.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}