{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295832488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3206397","title":"GridNetOpt: Fast Full-Chip EM-Aware Power Grid Optimization Accelerated by Deep Neural Networks","display_name":"GridNetOpt: Fast Full-Chip EM-Aware Power Grid Optimization Accelerated by Deep Neural Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295832488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3206397"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2022.3206397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3206397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084377832","display_name":"Han Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9097-4567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088951","display_name":"Synopsys (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/013by2m91","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088951"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Han Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","Silicon Realization Group, Synopsys Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Silicon Realization Group, Synopsys Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100656709","display_name":"Yibo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-0630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yibo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043665291","display_name":"Wentian Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wentian Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058844682","display_name":"Sheldon X.-D. Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2119-6869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheldon X.-D. Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084377832"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307","https://openalex.org/I4210088951"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3612,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46679088,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"5","first_page":"1662","last_page":"1675"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11661","display_name":"Copper Interconnects and Reliability","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11661","display_name":"Copper Interconnects and Reliability","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-network-design","display_name":"Power network design","score":0.8441323041915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5949310064315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.5876849889755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5049949288368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4996070861816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.43338701128959656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-drop","display_name":"Voltage drop","score":0.4206632971763611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36735183000564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.2638186514377594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2551739811897278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.20484009385108948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.18367096781730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12155157327651978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164565468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236535","display_name":"Power network design","level":3,"score":0.8441323041915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5949310064315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.5876849889755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5049949288368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4996070861816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.43338701128959656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82178898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166839","display_name":"Voltage drop","level":3,"score":0.4206632971763611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36735183000564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2638186514377594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2551739811897278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.20484009385108948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.18367096781730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12155157327651978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2022.3206397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3206397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1710458826","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1816361","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4944600653","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-2007135","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G542091280","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OISE-1854276","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W623641535","https://openalex.org/W1556480701","https://openalex.org/W1978981235","https://openalex.org/W1993513854","https://openalex.org/W2007719944","https://openalex.org/W2029739744","https://openalex.org/W2107789747","https://openalex.org/W2124352222","https://openalex.org/W2158728973","https://openalex.org/W2162135665","https://openalex.org/W2165823161","https://openalex.org/W2342660339","https://openalex.org/W2394569310","https://openalex.org/W2587645287","https://openalex.org/W2766879491","https://openalex.org/W2792413301","https://openalex.org/W2807453315","https://openalex.org/W2894599826","https://openalex.org/W2900015380","https://openalex.org/W2909554236","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2921157711","https://openalex.org/W2945462300","https://openalex.org/W2945764596","https://openalex.org/W2946543926","https://openalex.org/W2996794321","https://openalex.org/W2997514656","https://openalex.org/W3011683599","https://openalex.org/W3013164405","https://openalex.org/W3013604081","https://openalex.org/W3111377664","https://openalex.org/W3114292887","https://openalex.org/W3116677748","https://openalex.org/W3117902010","https://openalex.org/W3125093329","https://openalex.org/W3127939301","https://openalex.org/W3149694916","https://openalex.org/W4231420439","https://openalex.org/W4232263905","https://openalex.org/W4233161328","https://openalex.org/W4236092923","https://openalex.org/W6779669310"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108172432","https://openalex.org/W1969828050","https://openalex.org/W560451517","https://openalex.org/W2014966316","https://openalex.org/W3123511714","https://openalex.org/W2105175262","https://openalex.org/W2907765805","https://openalex.org/W79129461","https://openalex.org/W3047964545","https://openalex.org/W1984467266"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,158],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,81,149,185],"fast":[4,98],"full-chip":[5,68,151],"electromigration":[6],"(EM)":[7],"aware":[8],"IR":[9,69,257],"drop":[10,70,155],"constrained":[11],"optimization":[12,45,120],"framework,":[13],"named":[14],"<italic":[15,201,235,239,273],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[16,202,236,240,274],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">GridNetOpt</i>":[17,203,241],",":[18,238],"for":[19,97,247,259],"on-chip":[20],"power":[21,53,138,189,230,260],"grid":[22,190,231,261],"networks":[23,28],"accelerated":[24],"by":[25,148],"deep":[26],"neural":[27],"(DNNs).":[29],"Compared":[30,225],"to":[31,46,110,124,206,226,243],"the":[32,37,48,52,57,64,76,92,105,115,119,131,137,163,199,215,220,227,249,271],"existing":[33,164],"linear":[34,165],"programming-based":[35,166],"methods,":[36,167],"new":[38,89],"method":[39,90,218],"employs":[40],"more":[41,126],"flexible":[42],"conjugate":[43,216],"gradient-based":[44,217],"size":[47],"wire":[49,111,142],"width":[50],"of":[51,60,63,95,187,211],"grids.":[54],"To":[55],"mitigate":[56],"high":[58],"cost":[59],"sensitivity":[61,77,99],"calculation":[62],"adjoint":[65,222],"network":[66,86,223],"using":[67,219],"analysis":[71,156],"at":[72,207],"every":[73],"iteration":[74],"step,":[75],"is":[78,104,134,159,267],"computed":[79],"via":[80],"trained":[82],"conditional":[83],"generative":[84],"adversarial":[85],"(CGAN).":[87],"The":[88,101],"exploits":[91],"differentiable":[93],"characteristics":[94],"DNNs":[96],"computation.":[100],"sensitivity,":[102],"which":[103,169,266],"node":[106],"voltage":[107],"with":[108,162,175,234,263,270],"respect":[109],"resistance,":[112],"will":[113],"guide":[114],"search":[116],"direction":[117],"during":[118],"process.":[121],"In":[122],"order":[123,210],"consider":[125],"accurate":[127],"EM":[128],"failure":[129],"effects,":[130],"training":[132],"data":[133],"obtained":[135],"from":[136,192],"grids":[139],"under":[140],"different":[141],"widths":[143],"and":[144],"current":[145],"loads":[146],"analyzed":[147],"state-of-the-art":[150],"multiphysics-based":[152],"coupled":[153],"EM-IR":[154],"tool.":[157],"in":[160,168],"contrast":[161],"only":[170],"immortal":[171,264],"wires":[172,174],"or":[173],"nonzero":[176],"resistance":[177],"can":[178,204,254],"be":[179],"dealt":[180],"with.":[181],"Numerical":[182],"results":[183],"on":[184],"number":[186],"synthesized":[188],"benchmarks":[191,250],"ARM":[193],"Cortex-M0":[194],"processor":[195],"designs":[196],"show":[197],"that":[198],"proposed":[200],"lead":[205],"least":[208],"an":[209],"magnitude":[212],"speedup":[213],"over":[214],"traditional":[221],"method.":[224,276],"previous":[228],"localized":[229,272],"fixing":[232],"work":[233],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">GridNet</i>":[237,275],"leads":[242],"smaller":[244],"area":[245],"overhead":[246],"all":[248],"we":[251],"tested.":[252],"It":[253],"also":[255],"reduce":[256],"drops":[258],"circuits":[262],"wires,":[265],"not":[268],"possible":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}