{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308480064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3197537","title":"FRL: Fast and Reconfigurable Accelerator for Distributed Sound Source Localization","display_name":"FRL: Fast and Reconfigurable Accelerator for Distributed Sound Source Localization","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308480064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3197537"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2022.3197537","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3197537","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027006369","display_name":"Xiaofeng Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7301-9947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107898340","display_name":"Chengliang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengliang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089824024","display_name":"Heping Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3352-6175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heping Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072842356","display_name":"Zhihai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1083-7723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030718577","display_name":"Xianzhang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8987-377X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianzhang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066818952","display_name":"Yujuan Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9055-5389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujuan Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100675843","display_name":"Duo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3040-2065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051490998","display_name":"Ao Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-8038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ao Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027006369"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7364,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69370361,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"11","first_page":"3922","last_page":"3933"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7729750871658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6902850866317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5598980784416199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5410162210464478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-acceleration","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","score":0.5044597387313843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.46083125472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.41006147861480713}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7729750871658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6902850866317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5598980784416199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5410162210464478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.5044597387313843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.46083125472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.41006147861480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2022.3197537","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3197537","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G138060810","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021LY75","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313612","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5547375727","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6497670290","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313612","display_name":"Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585574785","https://openalex.org/W1910622296","https://openalex.org/W1969299255","https://openalex.org/W1989286028","https://openalex.org/W2008750120","https://openalex.org/W2012200468","https://openalex.org/W2018978930","https://openalex.org/W2027926994","https://openalex.org/W2029661668","https://openalex.org/W2032647955","https://openalex.org/W2046317813","https://openalex.org/W2048237443","https://openalex.org/W2066859590","https://openalex.org/W2093691151","https://openalex.org/W2099558340","https://openalex.org/W2114863372","https://openalex.org/W2117193792","https://openalex.org/W2119240797","https://openalex.org/W2132605602","https://openalex.org/W2136870066","https://openalex.org/W2155863728","https://openalex.org/W2165969505","https://openalex.org/W2167994833","https://openalex.org/W2171321863","https://openalex.org/W2411057395","https://openalex.org/W2467369931","https://openalex.org/W2527005087","https://openalex.org/W2631462792","https://openalex.org/W2749505570","https://openalex.org/W2772956764","https://openalex.org/W2795370647","https://openalex.org/W2797015237","https://openalex.org/W2802388832","https://openalex.org/W2972756058","https://openalex.org/W2986978314","https://openalex.org/W3102187836","https://openalex.org/W4239241442","https://openalex.org/W6632919149"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2473740624","https://openalex.org/W55440466","https://openalex.org/W2374428661","https://openalex.org/W2945897719","https://openalex.org/W2390965452","https://openalex.org/W2095366957","https://openalex.org/W2393801835","https://openalex.org/W3095609119","https://openalex.org/W2384157887","https://openalex.org/W2780340867"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sound":[0],"source":[1],"localization":[2,65,105,113,127,131,167],"(SSL)":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"widely":[6],"applied":[7],"in":[8],"industrial":[9],"and":[10,20,36,48,63,83,89,99,111,133,139,169,171,191],"civil":[11],"fields.":[12],"And":[13],"with":[14],"the":[15,21,31,40,61,74,104,109,146,172,180,193],"development":[16],"of":[17,23,76,80],"wearable":[18],"devices":[19],"Internet":[22],"Things":[24],"(IoT),":[25],"it":[26,91,140],"is":[27,49,92,117],"attractive":[28],"to":[29,94,136,151,153],"deploy":[30],"SSL":[32,42,70,121,196],"system":[33,43],"onto":[34],"embedded":[35],"portable":[37],"devices.":[38],"However,":[39],"software-based":[41],"causes":[44],"excessive":[45],"response":[46,85],"delay":[47],"often":[50],"affected":[51],"by":[52,183,198],"environmental":[53,137],"noise.":[54],"To":[55,101],"overcome":[56],"this":[57],"obstacle,":[58],"we":[59,107],"propose":[60,108],"fast":[62,98,110,147],"precise":[64,149],"(FPL)":[66],"algorithm":[67,163],"for":[68,129],"distributed":[69,126],"systems.":[71],"It":[72,123],"combines":[73],"benefits":[75],"both":[77],"time":[78],"difference":[79],"arrival":[81],"(TDOA)":[82],"steered":[84],"power":[86],"(SRP)":[87],"methods,":[88],"thus":[90],"able":[93],"localize":[95],"sound":[96],"sources":[97],"precisely.":[100],"further":[102],"improve":[103],"speed,":[106],"reconfigurable":[112],"(FRL)":[114],"accelerator,":[115],"which":[116],"an":[118],"algorithm-hardware":[119],"co-designed":[120],"accelerator.":[122],"adopts":[124],"multiple":[125],"nodes":[128],"higher":[130,134],"precision":[132],"robustness":[135],"interference,":[138],"can":[141,164],"be":[142],"configured":[143],"into":[144],"either":[145],"or":[148],"mode":[150],"adapt":[152],"various":[154],"environments.":[155],"Experimental":[156],"evaluations":[157],"show":[158],"that":[159],"our":[160],"proposed":[161],"FPL":[162],"achieve":[165],"high":[166],"speed":[168],"precision,":[170],"field-programmable":[173],"gate":[174],"array":[175],"(FPGA)-based":[176],"FRL":[177],"accelerator":[178],"outperforms":[179,192],"software":[181],"implementation":[182],"<inline-formula":[184,199],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[185,200],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[186,201],"<tex-math":[187,202],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$48.6\\times":[188],"$":[189,206],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[190,207],"prior":[194],"FPGA-based":[195],"accelerators":[197],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$20\\times":[203],"\\sim":[204],"838.2\\times":[205],".":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
