{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285120022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3180969","title":"ELight: Toward Efficient and Aging-Resilient Photonic In-Memory Neurocomputing","display_name":"ELight: Toward Efficient and Aging-Resilient Photonic In-Memory Neurocomputing","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285120022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3180969"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2022.3180969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3180969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066920215","display_name":"Hanqing Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1974-5128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hanqing Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090386129","display_name":"Jiaqi Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8535-7698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102870827","display_name":"Chenghao Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-2446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenghao Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026362859","display_name":"Mingjie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-9763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingjie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064149958","display_name":"Zixuan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6180-6487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixuan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038900138","display_name":"Ray T. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9181-4266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ray T. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011883763","display_name":"David Z. Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5705-2501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Z. Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066920215"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9655,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79287898,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"3","first_page":"820","last_page":"833"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6235725283622742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5240664482116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5021729469299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4428640305995941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41072651743888855}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6235725283622742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5240664482116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5021729469299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4428640305995941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41072651743888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2022.3180969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3180969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4010674849","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#1718570","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5257935924","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA 9550-17-1-0071","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333591","funder_display_name":"Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333591","display_name":"Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2047427636","https://openalex.org/W2064360736","https://openalex.org/W2097823832","https://openalex.org/W2119144962","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2222512263","https://openalex.org/W2469490737","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W2752849906","https://openalex.org/W2809617027","https://openalex.org/W2896002299","https://openalex.org/W2909619795","https://openalex.org/W2910602641","https://openalex.org/W2945546236","https://openalex.org/W2946241065","https://openalex.org/W2962939807","https://openalex.org/W2998915116","https://openalex.org/W3003967059","https://openalex.org/W3004736936","https://openalex.org/W3005999147","https://openalex.org/W3006418295","https://openalex.org/W3013837193","https://openalex.org/W3036548498","https://openalex.org/W3044091938","https://openalex.org/W3044729026","https://openalex.org/W3089779975","https://openalex.org/W3096230432","https://openalex.org/W3107308400","https://openalex.org/W3118548495","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3119537022","https://openalex.org/W3120165331","https://openalex.org/W3128451613","https://openalex.org/W3164174762","https://openalex.org/W3184042935","https://openalex.org/W3185227044","https://openalex.org/W3213649642","https://openalex.org/W4212796822","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6677580257","https://openalex.org/W6720242923","https://openalex.org/W6743688258","https://openalex.org/W6775717222","https://openalex.org/W6803641993","https://openalex.org/W6803851990"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optical":[0],"phase":[1],"change":[2],"material":[3],"(PCM)":[4],"has":[5],"emerged":[6],"promising":[7],"to":[8,28,34,95,139,154,172,178],"enable":[9],"photonic":[10,21,228,236],"in-memory":[11,237],"neurocomputing":[12,238],"in":[13,130,200,245],"optical":[14],"neural":[15],"network":[16],"(ONN)":[17],"designs.":[18],"However,":[19],"massive":[20],"tensor":[22],"core":[23],"(PTC)":[24],"reuse":[25],"is":[26,170],"required":[27],"implement":[29],"large":[30,41],"matrix":[31],"multiplication":[32],"due":[33,177],"the":[35,55,63,68,73,79,98,102,113,124,131,141,174,179,201,224],"limited":[36,59],"single-core":[37],"scale.":[38],"The":[39],"resultant":[40],"number":[42,203],"of":[43,81,126,204],"PCM":[44,57,70,115,226,260],"writes":[45],"during":[46],"inference":[47],"incurs":[48],"serious":[49],"dynamic":[50,208],"energy":[51,209,254],"costs":[52],"and":[53,76,101,118,146,207,256],"overwhelms":[54],"fragile":[56],"with":[58,149,211,248],"write":[60,116,205],"endurance,":[61],"causing":[62],"severe":[64],"aging":[65,99,261],"issue.":[66],"Moreover,":[67,214],"aged":[69,127,180,225],"would":[71],"distort":[72],"stored":[74],"value":[75],"significantly":[77],"degrade":[78],"reliability":[80,104],"PTC.":[82],"In":[83],"this":[84],"work,":[85],"we":[86,135],"propose":[87,136],"a":[88,107,119,150],"holistic":[89],"solution,":[90],"<monospace":[91,185,215,232],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[92,186,192,216,233],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">ELight</monospace>":[93,187,217,234],",":[94,235],"tackle":[96],"both":[97],"issue":[100],"post-aging":[103,120],"issue,":[105],"where":[106],"proactive":[108],"aging-aware":[109,132],"optimization":[110,133,152],"framework":[111],"minimizes":[112],"overall":[114],"cost":[117,210],"tolerance":[121],"scheme":[122,169],"overcomes":[123],"effect":[125],"PCM.":[128,181],"Specifically,":[129],"part,":[134],"write-aware":[137],"training":[138],"encourage":[140],"similarity":[142],"among":[143],"weight":[144],"blocks":[145],"combine":[147],"it":[148],"post-training":[151],"technique":[153],"reduce":[155],"programming":[156,253],"efforts":[157],"by":[158],"eliminating":[159],"redundant":[160],"writes.":[161],"Next,":[162],"an":[163],"efficient":[164],"groupwise":[165],"row-based":[166],"weight-PTC":[167],"remapping":[168],"introduced":[171],"tolerate":[173],"reprogrammability":[175],"degradation":[176],"Experiments":[182],"show":[183],"that":[184],"can":[188,218],"achieve":[189],"over":[190],"<inline-formula":[191],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[193],"<tex-math":[194],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$20":[195],"\\times":[196],"$":[197],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[198],"reductions":[199],"total":[202],"operations":[206],"comparable":[212],"accuracy.":[213],"guarantee":[219],"significant":[220,257],"accuracy":[221],"recovery":[222],"under":[223],"within":[227],"memories.":[229],"With":[230],"our":[231],"will":[239],"step":[240],"forward":[241],"toward":[242],"practical":[243],"applications":[244],"machine":[246],"learning":[247],"order-of-magnitude":[249],"longer":[250],"lifetime,":[251],"lower":[252],"cost,":[255],"resilience":[258],"against":[259],"effects.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
