{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206037560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3132555","title":"Silicon Photonic Microring Resonators: A Comprehensive Design-Space Exploration and Optimization Under Fabrication-Process Variations","display_name":"Silicon Photonic Microring Resonators: A Comprehensive Design-Space Exploration and Optimization Under Fabrication-Process Variations","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206037560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3132555"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2021.3132555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3132555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012013228","display_name":"Asif Mirza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1813-7710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asif Mirza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1813-7710","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021492410","display_name":"Febin Sunny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3619-1465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Febin Sunny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3619-1465","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109652695","display_name":"Peter Walsh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Walsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078397967","display_name":"Karim Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5518-8229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150049","display_name":"Laboratoire d'\u00c9lectronique des Technologies de l'Information","ror":"https://ror.org/04mf0wv34","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210117989","https://openalex.org/I4210150049"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karim Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Leti, Grenoble, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5518-8229","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Leti, Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I4210150049","https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018382547","display_name":"Sudeep Pasricha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-0066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudeep Pasricha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-0066","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039971454","display_name":"Mahdi Nikdast","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4930-2985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahdi Nikdast","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4930-2985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.262,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88587741,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"10","first_page":"3359","last_page":"3372"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-space-exploration","display_name":"Design space exploration","score":0.6152108907699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5315660834312439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonics","display_name":"Photonics","score":0.5274182558059692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon-photonics","display_name":"Silicon photonics","score":0.5225500464439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5175241827964783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resonator","display_name":"Resonator","score":0.5053120255470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonic-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Photonic integrated circuit","score":0.4385184347629547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4130851924419403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.2345605492591858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2270379364490509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.1783657670021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.14916571974754333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776221188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21072556","display_name":"Design space exploration","level":2,"score":0.6152108907699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5315660834312439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.5274182558059692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119423029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3749103","display_name":"Silicon photonics","level":3,"score":0.5225500464439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5175241827964783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97126364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349669","display_name":"Resonator","level":2,"score":0.5053120255470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22799297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q523846","display_name":"Photonic integrated circuit","level":3,"score":0.4385184347629547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4130851924419403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2345605492591858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2270379364490509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.1783657670021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.14916571974754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2021.3132555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3132555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:cea-04948665v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://cea.hal.science/cea-04948665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9634115","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2876113171","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1813370","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3110505678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-2006788","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4968382896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2046226","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1645363097","https://openalex.org/W1967646809","https://openalex.org/W1979427218","https://openalex.org/W1984186419","https://openalex.org/W2014380827","https://openalex.org/W2056570025","https://openalex.org/W2091382331","https://openalex.org/W2125000723","https://openalex.org/W2135750595","https://openalex.org/W2141966677","https://openalex.org/W2154761051","https://openalex.org/W2158697925","https://openalex.org/W2166009234","https://openalex.org/W2270358384","https://openalex.org/W2293759198","https://openalex.org/W2308251584","https://openalex.org/W2320762363","https://openalex.org/W2325677247","https://openalex.org/W2343259105","https://openalex.org/W2345990019","https://openalex.org/W2346037918","https://openalex.org/W2469565713","https://openalex.org/W2587018036","https://openalex.org/W2606406942","https://openalex.org/W2772073964","https://openalex.org/W2789251114","https://openalex.org/W2794760720","https://openalex.org/W2794935927","https://openalex.org/W2896880417","https://openalex.org/W2926076842","https://openalex.org/W2945836145","https://openalex.org/W2961513964","https://openalex.org/W3013686475","https://openalex.org/W3036603460","https://openalex.org/W3091866246","https://openalex.org/W3102067895","https://openalex.org/W3124300201","https://openalex.org/W3163993441","https://openalex.org/W3213945219","https://openalex.org/W4249088889","https://openalex.org/W6698484117","https://openalex.org/W6701363448","https://openalex.org/W6704636687"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2074761814","https://openalex.org/W1575967697","https://openalex.org/W1574326997","https://openalex.org/W2488786307","https://openalex.org/W4377082764","https://openalex.org/W4206200199","https://openalex.org/W2101992109","https://openalex.org/W2995801370","https://openalex.org/W1802978605","https://openalex.org/W2743989240"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Silicon":[0],"photonic":[1,24,45],"microring":[2],"resonators":[3],"(MRRs)":[4],"offer":[5],"many":[6],"advantages":[7],"(e.g.,":[8],"compactness)":[9],"and":[10,22,26,114,141,147,228,233,236],"are":[11,204],"often":[12,51],"considered":[13],"as":[14,135],"the":[15,61,74,77,92,105,169,178,202,221,224],"fundamental":[16],"building":[17],"block":[18],"in":[19,112,125,144,168],"optical":[20,40,237],"interconnects":[21,238],"emerging":[23],"nanoprocessors":[25],"accelerators.":[27],"Such":[28,218],"devices":[29],"are,":[30],"however,":[31],"sensitive":[32],"to":[33,58,137,172,182,230],"inevitable":[34],"fabrication-process":[35],"variations":[36],"(FPVs)":[37],"stemming":[38],"from":[39,53],"lithography":[41],"imperfections.":[42],"Consequently,":[43],"silicon":[44],"integrated":[46],"circuits":[47],"(PICs)":[48],"integrating":[49,239],"MRRs":[50,66,81,96,116,126,155,203],"suffer":[52],"high":[54],"power":[55],"overhead":[56],"required":[57],"compensate":[59],"for":[60,104],"impact":[62],"of":[63,80,95,186,223],"FPVs":[64,128],"on":[65,166,215],"and,":[67],"hence,":[68],"realizing":[69],"a":[70,108,162,183,187,216],"reliable":[71],"operation.":[72],"On":[73],"other":[75],"hand,":[76],"design":[78,87,93,123,180],"space":[79],"is":[82],"complex,":[83],"including":[84],"several":[85],"correlated":[86],"parameters,":[88],"thereby":[89],"further":[90],"exacerbating":[91],"optimization":[94,124,181,229],"under":[97,117,127],"FPVs.":[98,118,174],"In":[99,119],"this":[100],"article,":[101],"we":[102,121,176,192],"present,":[103],"first":[106],"time,":[107],"comprehensive":[109],"design-space":[110,159,226],"exploration":[111,160,227],"passive":[113],"active":[115],"addition,":[120],"present":[122],"while":[129],"considering":[130],"different":[131,173],"performance":[132],"metrics,":[133],"such":[134],"tolerance":[136,171],"FPVs,":[138],"quality":[139],"factor,":[140],"3-dB":[142],"bandwidth":[143],"MRRs.":[145,240],"Simulation":[146],"fabrication":[148],"results":[149],"obtained":[150],"by":[151],"measuring":[152],"multiple":[153],"fabricated":[154],"designed":[156],"using":[157],"our":[158],"demonstrate":[161],"significant":[163],"70%":[164],"improvement":[165],"average":[167],"MRRs\u2019":[170],"Furthermore,":[175],"apply":[177],"proposed":[179,225],"case":[184],"study":[185],"wavelength-selective":[188],"MRR-based":[189],"demultiplexer,":[190],"where":[191],"show":[193],"considerable":[194],"channel-spacing":[195],"accuracy":[196],"within":[197],"0.5":[198],"nm":[199],"even":[200],"when":[201],"placed":[205],"500":[206],"<inline-formula":[207],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[208],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[209],"<tex-math":[210],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mu":[211],"\\text{m}$":[212],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[213],"apart":[214],"chip.":[217],"improvements":[219],"indicate":[220],"efficiency":[222],"enable":[231],"power-efficient":[232],"variation-resilient":[234],"PICs":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}