{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207846280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3121347","title":"Multilayer Memristive Neural Network Circuit Based on Online Learning for License Plate Detection","display_name":"Multilayer Memristive Neural Network Circuit Based on Online Learning for License Plate Detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207846280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3121347","mag":"3207846280"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2021.3121347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3121347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049935860","display_name":"Renao Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2399-199X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Renao Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052210009","display_name":"Qinghui Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6210-6033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghui Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100358099","display_name":"Chunhua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6522-9795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunhua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074448271","display_name":"Jingru Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9474-7778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingru Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100343657","display_name":"Ya Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3351-7909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122543","display_name":"Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pcb5m77","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049935860"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3395,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92879768,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"9","first_page":"3000","last_page":"3011"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memristor","display_name":"Memristor","score":0.7154426574707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.699908435344696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6828528046607971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/license","display_name":"License","score":0.5676122307777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.5645444393157959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4538019299507141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4168703854084015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.173356294631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15000829100608826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150072547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212923","display_name":"Memristor","level":2,"score":0.7154426574707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.699908435344696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6828528046607971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79719","display_name":"License","level":2,"score":0.5676122307777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.5645444393157959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4538019299507141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4168703854084015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.173356294631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15000829100608826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2021.3121347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3121347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2430261878","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021JJ40111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4643428911","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020JJ4221","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5690989117","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001163","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542981317","https://openalex.org/W1680761968","https://openalex.org/W1964288235","https://openalex.org/W1982296198","https://openalex.org/W2014929011","https://openalex.org/W2061860832","https://openalex.org/W2132563832","https://openalex.org/W2155954834","https://openalex.org/W2515601391","https://openalex.org/W2526646482","https://openalex.org/W2560615381","https://openalex.org/W2612269878","https://openalex.org/W2613205562","https://openalex.org/W2623410569","https://openalex.org/W2727726870","https://openalex.org/W2743001015","https://openalex.org/W2750971660","https://openalex.org/W2762474013","https://openalex.org/W2765762088","https://openalex.org/W2775771159","https://openalex.org/W2799615061","https://openalex.org/W2802523290","https://openalex.org/W2807750997","https://openalex.org/W2889292885","https://openalex.org/W2889463071","https://openalex.org/W2900562288","https://openalex.org/W2900722538","https://openalex.org/W2912246406","https://openalex.org/W2913117955","https://openalex.org/W2922168646","https://openalex.org/W2942096054","https://openalex.org/W2970985487","https://openalex.org/W2972336707","https://openalex.org/W2980621048","https://openalex.org/W2990695486","https://openalex.org/W3003821665","https://openalex.org/W3029160061","https://openalex.org/W3081140267","https://openalex.org/W3092396946","https://openalex.org/W3105270833","https://openalex.org/W4238012810","https://openalex.org/W4292169167"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3082575083","https://openalex.org/W3082198935","https://openalex.org/W4317665987","https://openalex.org/W3143082377","https://openalex.org/W2594662984","https://openalex.org/W2268772050","https://openalex.org/W4385412034","https://openalex.org/W1587103885","https://openalex.org/W3042287383","https://openalex.org/W2076985060"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,59,76,91,109],"analog":[1],"circuit":[2,29,48,115],"design":[3],"of":[4,50,79,93,101,112,144],"the":[5,14,32,43,47,51,66,69,74,80,94,99,113,128,134,139,142,145],"memristive":[6,26,102],"neural":[7,55,61],"network":[8,56,62],"(MNN),":[9],"which":[10],"can":[11,63,120,132],"automatically":[12,64],"perform":[13],"online":[15,33],"learning":[16,110],"algorithm,":[17],"is":[18,39,57],"an":[19],"open":[20],"question.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23],"article,":[24],"a":[25],"self-learning":[27],"neuron":[28,45],"for":[30,116],"implementing":[31],"least":[34],"mean":[35],"square":[36],"(LMS)":[37],"algorithm":[38],"designed.":[40],"Extending":[41],"on":[42],"designed":[44,95],"circuit,":[46],"implementation":[49],"monolayer":[52],"and":[53,87,98,137],"multilayer":[54],"proposed.":[58],"proposed":[60,114,129],"converge":[65],"output":[67],"to":[68,73,141],"set":[70],"target":[71],"according":[72],"input.":[75],"application-level":[77],"validations":[78],"circuits":[81,97,131],"are":[82,104],"done":[83],"using":[84],"pattern":[85],"recognition":[86],"license":[88,117],"plate":[89,118],"detection.":[90],"performances":[92],"MNN":[96,130],"effect":[100],"variation":[103],"analyzed":[105],"through":[106],"PSPICE":[107],"simulations.":[108],"accuracy":[111],"detection":[119],"reach":[121],"93%.":[122],"Circuit":[123],"simulation":[124],"results":[125],"reveal":[126],"that":[127],"accelerate":[133],"training":[135],"speed":[136],"have":[138],"tolerance":[140],"variations":[143],"memristor.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
