{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207245700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3120073","title":"MoRS: An Approximate Fault Modeling Framework for Reduced-Voltage SRAMs","display_name":"MoRS: An Approximate Fault Modeling Framework for Reduced-Voltage SRAMs","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207245700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3120073","mag":"3207245700"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2021.3120073","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3120073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041744643","display_name":"\u0130smail Emir Y\u00fcksel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3310-4423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13236232","display_name":"TOBB University of Economics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03ewx7v96","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13236232"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ismail Emir Yuksel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3310-4423","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13236232"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026986531","display_name":"Behzad Salami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4043-5044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Behzad Salami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4043-5044","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848","https://openalex.org/I2799803557"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052707216","display_name":"O\u011fuz Ergin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2701-3787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13236232","display_name":"TOBB University of Economics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03ewx7v96","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13236232"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oguz Ergin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13236232"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075162875","display_name":"Osman \u00dcnsal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0544-9697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osman Sabri Unsal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0544-9697","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848","https://openalex.org/I2799803557"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039775042","display_name":"Adri\u00e1n Cristal Kestelman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Cristal Kestelman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848","https://openalex.org/I2799803557"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041744643"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13236232"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7117,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70311997,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"6","first_page":"1663","last_page":"1673"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7220039367675781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-injection","display_name":"Fault injection","score":0.6354119777679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.6204502582550049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5923274159431458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5783814191818237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5535762310028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5331864356994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4999113082885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-on-a-chip","display_name":"System on a chip","score":0.4380896985530853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.43044495582580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.33482879400253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2580052614212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14280402660369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12250009179115295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.1056826114654541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7220039367675781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775928411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2041312","display_name":"Fault injection","level":3,"score":0.6354119777679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.6204502582550049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5923274159431458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5783814191818237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5535762310028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5331864356994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4999113082885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118021083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610398","display_name":"System on a chip","level":2,"score":0.4380896985530853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.43044495582580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.33482879400253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2580052614212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14280402660369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12250009179115295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.1056826114654541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2021.3120073","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3120073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1834056812","https://openalex.org/W1935809293","https://openalex.org/W1985918920","https://openalex.org/W1988459699","https://openalex.org/W2032512814","https://openalex.org/W2093108390","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2134565505","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2233116163","https://openalex.org/W2235375535","https://openalex.org/W2238992335","https://openalex.org/W2285660444","https://openalex.org/W2466675884","https://openalex.org/W2513554817","https://openalex.org/W2561036834","https://openalex.org/W2611802368","https://openalex.org/W2626055167","https://openalex.org/W2686864279","https://openalex.org/W2737489920","https://openalex.org/W2748528844","https://openalex.org/W2763421725","https://openalex.org/W2767260595","https://openalex.org/W2791673912","https://openalex.org/W2883899390","https://openalex.org/W2883942513","https://openalex.org/W2904114140","https://openalex.org/W2904147273","https://openalex.org/W2905500442","https://openalex.org/W2910177547","https://openalex.org/W2912969100","https://openalex.org/W2922562986","https://openalex.org/W2933569951","https://openalex.org/W2942130737","https://openalex.org/W2962844766","https://openalex.org/W2963396341","https://openalex.org/W2964228333","https://openalex.org/W2964866569","https://openalex.org/W2978697470","https://openalex.org/W2979754840","https://openalex.org/W2981860227","https://openalex.org/W2997613220","https://openalex.org/W3020414749","https://openalex.org/W3024131367","https://openalex.org/W3046769567","https://openalex.org/W3098664883","https://openalex.org/W3101543398","https://openalex.org/W3137055860","https://openalex.org/W3183351699","https://openalex.org/W3199792160","https://openalex.org/W4230550535","https://openalex.org/W4234808521","https://openalex.org/W4242053016","https://openalex.org/W4245199738","https://openalex.org/W4252174618","https://openalex.org/W4384825428","https://openalex.org/W4394639670","https://openalex.org/W6734062232","https://openalex.org/W6783933277"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3151633427","https://openalex.org/W2212894501","https://openalex.org/W2793465010","https://openalex.org/W3024050170","https://openalex.org/W4293253840","https://openalex.org/W3006277082","https://openalex.org/W2610634993","https://openalex.org/W2097660413","https://openalex.org/W2081738003","https://openalex.org/W4312356560"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"On-chip":[0],"memory":[1,45,158],"(usually":[2],"based":[3],"on":[4,35,42,142],"Static":[5],"RAMs\u2014SRAMs)":[6],"are":[7,39],"crucial":[8],"components":[9],"for":[10,47,182],"various":[11],"computing":[12],"devices":[13],"including":[14],"heterogeneous":[15,37],"devices,":[16],"e.g.,":[17],"GPUs,":[18],"FPGAs,":[19],"and":[20,213,224,239,255],"ASICs,":[21],"to":[22,60,69,92,144,163,192,211,267],"achieve":[23],"high":[24],"performance.":[25],"Modern":[26],"workloads":[27,207],"such":[28,56],"as":[29],"deep":[30],"neural":[31],"networks":[32],"(DNNs)":[33],"running":[34],"these":[36],"fabrics":[38],"highly":[40],"dependent":[41],"the":[43,52,66,79,109,128,146,150,156,160,165,168,171,175,215,219,222,225,232,240,249,268,271,276],"on-chip":[44,157],"architecture":[46],"efficient":[48,62],"acceleration.":[49],"Hence,":[50],"improving":[51],"energy":[53,71],"efficiency":[54],"of":[55,65,159,167,177,221,244,264,273],"memories":[57],"directly":[58],"leads":[59],"an":[61],"system.":[63],"One":[64],"common":[67],"methods":[68],"save":[70],"is":[72,100,246,260],"undervolting,":[73],"i.e.,":[74],"supply":[75],"voltage":[76,95,103,107],"underscaling":[77],"below":[78,108],"nominal":[80],"level.":[81],"Such":[82],"systems":[83],"can":[84],"be":[85],"safely":[86],"undervolted":[87],"without":[88,112,179],"incurring":[89],"faults":[90,136,151],"down":[91],"a":[93,124,193],"certain":[94],"limit.":[96],"This":[97],"safe":[98],"range":[99],"also":[101],"called":[102],"guardband.":[104],"However,":[105],"reducing":[106],"guardband":[110],"level":[111],"decreasing":[113],"frequency":[114],"causes":[115],"timing-based":[116],"faults.":[117],"In":[118,262],"this":[119],"article,":[120],"we":[121],"propose":[122],"MoRS,":[123],"framework":[125],"that":[126,231],"generates":[127],"first":[129],"approximate":[130],"undervolting":[131,140],"fault":[132,197,237,242,257,278],"model":[133,243,259],"using":[134],"real":[135,226,236,253,269],"extracted":[137],"from":[138],"experimental":[139],"studies":[141],"SRAMs":[143,212],"build":[145],"model.":[147],"We":[148,200],"inject":[149],"generated":[152,196],"by":[153,208,281],"MoRS":[154,173,223,245,274],"into":[155],"DNN":[161,206],"accelerator":[162],"evaluate":[164,201],"resilience":[166],"system":[169],"under":[170],"test.":[172],"has":[174],"advantage":[176],"simplicity":[178],"any":[180],"need":[181],"high-time":[183],"overhead":[184],"experiments":[185],"while":[186],"being":[187],"accurate":[188],"enough":[189],"in":[190,204],"comparison":[191],"fully":[194],"randomly":[195],"injection":[198,258,279],"approach.":[199],"our":[202],"experiment":[203],"popular":[205],"mapping":[209],"weights":[210],"measure":[214],"accuracy":[216],"difference":[217,234,251],"between":[218,235,252],"output":[220,241,272],"data.":[227],"Our":[228],"results":[229],"show":[230],"maximum":[233,250],"data":[238,254],"6.21%,":[247],"whereas":[248],"random":[256,277],"23.2%.":[261],"terms":[263],"average":[265],"proximity":[266],"data,":[270],"outperforms":[275],"approach":[280],"<inline-formula":[282],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[283],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[284],"<tex-math":[285],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$3.21\\times":[286],"$":[287],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[288],".":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
