{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3202012974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3117512","title":"MPFA: An Efficient Multiple Faults-Based Persistent Fault Analysis Method for Low-Cost FIA","display_name":"MPFA: An Efficient Multiple Faults-Based Persistent Fault Analysis Method for Low-Cost FIA","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3202012974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3117512","mag":"3202012974"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2021.3117512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3117512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073832612","display_name":"Honghui Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3142-1812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Honghui Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409523","display_name":"Qiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1375-0508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073832612"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8158,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78433758,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"9","first_page":"2821","last_page":"2834"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-injection","display_name":"Fault injection","score":0.7459853887557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6174168586730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5411990284919739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5219851732254028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-cipher","display_name":"Block cipher","score":0.5153100490570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tree-analysis","display_name":"Fault tree analysis","score":0.4410630464553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-model","display_name":"Fault model","score":0.4261707067489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3689475357532501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.33561766147613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3342587351799011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3310270309448242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3225249648094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.20686039328575134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.14964225888252258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11667898297309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11598965525627136}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775928411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2041312","display_name":"Fault injection","level":3,"score":0.7459853887557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6174168586730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5411990284919739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5219851732254028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106544461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543151","display_name":"Block cipher","level":3,"score":0.5153100490570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107094494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428453","display_name":"Fault tree analysis","level":2,"score":0.4410630464553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167391956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401211","display_name":"Fault model","level":3,"score":0.4261707067489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3689475357532501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.33561766147613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3342587351799011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3310270309448242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3225249648094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.20686039328575134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.14964225888252258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11667898297309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11598965525627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2021.3117512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3117512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8412017094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61974102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W154022573","https://openalex.org/W1493213353","https://openalex.org/W1599175145","https://openalex.org/W1651633114","https://openalex.org/W2004513455","https://openalex.org/W2015923915","https://openalex.org/W2039845393","https://openalex.org/W2071722828","https://openalex.org/W2072181464","https://openalex.org/W2085992264","https://openalex.org/W2141124495","https://openalex.org/W2170489924","https://openalex.org/W2918608430","https://openalex.org/W2951529663","https://openalex.org/W2973956618","https://openalex.org/W3013309564","https://openalex.org/W3042003498","https://openalex.org/W3094478499","https://openalex.org/W3116777839","https://openalex.org/W3120179985","https://openalex.org/W4230984038","https://openalex.org/W4251236654"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977908588","https://openalex.org/W2382956758","https://openalex.org/W2612538664","https://openalex.org/W930621015","https://openalex.org/W2912962937","https://openalex.org/W4281679292","https://openalex.org/W2529614493","https://openalex.org/W3114536378","https://openalex.org/W3107319481","https://openalex.org/W2991032855"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,104],"recent":[1],"studies,":[2],"a":[3,52,107,207],"fault":[4,9,22,36,48,54,64,140,142,145],"analysis":[5,10,23],"method,":[6,110,225],"called":[7,111],"persistent":[8,117],"(PFA),":[11],"is":[12,113,196,211,219],"proposed":[13,114,194],"for":[14,115,166,185],"cracking":[15,167],"block":[16,201],"ciphers.":[17],"Unlike":[18],"widely":[19],"used":[20],"differential":[21],"methods,":[24,158],"PFA":[25,40,90,109,157],"does":[26],"not":[27,94],"require":[28],"correct":[29],"cihpertexts":[30],"and":[31,74,125,144,173,204,214,229],"precise":[32],"time":[33],"control":[34],"of":[35,217],"injection.":[37,84],"The":[38,149,193],"existing":[39,62,89,156],"methods":[41,91],"mainly":[42],"assume":[43],"single":[44,53],"fault,":[45],"i.e.,":[46],"the":[47,56,61,88,122,126,134,155,159,163,175,200,215,223],"injection":[49,65,73,78],"process":[50],"induces":[51],"in":[55,102],"target":[57],"cipher":[58],"devices.":[59],"However,":[60],"low-cost":[63],"attack":[66,136],"(FIA)":[67],"techniques,":[68],"such":[69],"as":[70],"clock":[71],"glitch":[72],"electromagnetic":[75],"pulse":[76],"(EMP)":[77],"usually":[79],"induce":[80],"multiple":[81,86,116],"faults":[82],"per":[83],"Given":[85],"faults,":[87,118],"are":[92,147],"either":[93],"applicable":[95],"or":[96],"faced":[97],"with":[98],"high":[99],"computational":[100,123,176],"complexity":[101,124,177],"practice.":[103],"this":[105],"article,":[106],"new":[108],"MPFA,":[112],"which":[119],"reduces":[120,162,174],"both":[121],"required":[127,164],"ciphertexts.":[128],"MPFA":[129,160,195,224],"can":[130],"be":[131],"applied":[132],"to":[133,154],"ciphertexts-only":[135],"scenario,":[137],"where":[138],"all":[139],"positions,":[141],"values,":[143],"quantity":[146],"unknown.":[148],"experiments":[150],"show":[151],"that":[152],"compared":[153],"method":[161],"ciphertexts":[165],"AES":[168],"by":[169,222],"at":[170],"least":[171],"57.5%":[172],"<inline-formula":[178,186],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[179,187],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[180,188],"<tex-math":[181,189],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$NF^{16}$":[182],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[183,191],"times":[184],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$NF$":[190],"faults.":[192],"also":[197],"evaluated":[198],"on":[199],"ciphers":[202],"LED":[203],"PRINCE.":[205],"Moreover,":[206],"real":[208],"EMP":[209],"FIA":[210],"carried":[212],"out":[213],"key":[216],"AES-128":[218],"successfully":[220],"cracked":[221],"demonstrating":[226],"its":[227],"validity":[228],"efficiency.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
