{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197491092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3110739","title":"Highly Efficient Test Architecture for Low-Power AI Accelerators","display_name":"Highly Efficient Test Architecture for Low-Power AI Accelerators","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197491092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3110739","mag":"3197491092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2021.3110739","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3110739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005809822","display_name":"Muhammad Ibtesam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4063-9525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ibtesam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4063-9525","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010696565","display_name":"Umair Saeed Solangi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5336-7496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65146876","display_name":"Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01t34b131","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65146876"]}],"countries":["KR","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umair Saeed Solangi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Electronic Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science and Technology, Larkana, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5336-7496","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science and Technology, Larkana, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65146876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100630250","display_name":"Jinuk Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5663-3307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinuk Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5663-3307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040056049","display_name":"Muhammad Adil Ansari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4675-5535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65146876","display_name":"Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01t34b131","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65146876"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Adil Ansari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science and Technology, Larkana, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4675-5535","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science and Technology, Larkana, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65146876"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000375941","display_name":"Sungju Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2322-232X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungju Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2322-232X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7868,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71307944,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"8","first_page":"2728","last_page":"2738"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5737717151641846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.5606207847595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5566810965538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5036577582359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4772729277610779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-coverage","display_name":"Fault coverage","score":0.46831995248794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.44146138429641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certification","display_name":"Certification","score":0.43434038758277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.41624826192855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3278910517692566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2232634425163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1762436330318451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.10930773615837097}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5737717151641846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5606207847595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5566810965538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5036577582359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4772729277610779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126953365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438152","display_name":"Fault coverage","level":3,"score":0.46831995248794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.44146138429641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.43434038758277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41624826192855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3278910517692566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2232634425163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1762436330318451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.10930773615837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2021.3110739","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3110739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1530120632","https://openalex.org/W1972456335","https://openalex.org/W1998525920","https://openalex.org/W2005960695","https://openalex.org/W2026359221","https://openalex.org/W2043318181","https://openalex.org/W2076344933","https://openalex.org/W2100215874","https://openalex.org/W2106197724","https://openalex.org/W2119112357","https://openalex.org/W2159056656","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2290627841","https://openalex.org/W2581082771","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2625028270","https://openalex.org/W2950656546","https://openalex.org/W2963640628","https://openalex.org/W2964108906","https://openalex.org/W2965989144","https://openalex.org/W2969032972","https://openalex.org/W2980396945","https://openalex.org/W2981151545","https://openalex.org/W3007653016","https://openalex.org/W3013918852","https://openalex.org/W4245199738","https://openalex.org/W6763022021"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W290230112","https://openalex.org/W2381070337","https://openalex.org/W1992148151","https://openalex.org/W2075934899","https://openalex.org/W2389260891","https://openalex.org/W2073680493","https://openalex.org/W2359614193","https://openalex.org/W2355501997","https://openalex.org/W2038006164","https://openalex.org/W2389506878"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-power":[0],"artificial":[1],"intelligence":[2],"(AI)":[3],"accelerators":[4,28,80],"are":[5],"being":[6],"developed":[7],"to":[8,65,94,138],"support":[9],"the":[10,22,36,53,60,83,95,98,103,112,115,123,149,161,166],"battery-operated":[11],"edge":[12],"devices":[13],"at":[14],"a":[15,74],"minimum":[16],"expense":[17],"of":[18,24,62,114],"classification":[19],"error.":[20],"However,":[21],"testing":[23,54,129],"such":[25],"large":[26,88],"AI":[27,79,89],"with":[29],"traditional":[30],"techniques":[31],"is":[32,156],"inefficient":[33],"in":[34,160],"achieving":[35],"required":[37],"certifications":[38],"for":[39,77,87,135,165],"Autonomous":[40],"Driving":[41],"Assistant":[42],"Systems":[43],"(ISO":[44],"26262).":[45],"ISO":[46],"26262":[47],"sets":[48],"very":[49],"stringent":[50],"requirements":[51],"on":[52,133],"time":[55,105],"and":[56,106,147],"fault":[57],"coverage":[58],"during":[59,68],"diagnosability":[61],"faults":[63],"leading":[64],"system-level":[66],"failures":[67],"in-field":[69],"testing.":[70],"This":[71],"article":[72],"proposes":[73],"test":[75,100,104,108,116],"architecture":[76,101],"low-power":[78],"by":[81,126,131,152,163],"reusing":[82],"existing":[84],"data":[85],"paths":[86],"accelerator":[90],"arrays.":[91],"As":[92],"compared":[93],"full":[96],"scan-DFT,":[97],"proposed":[99,119],"reduces":[102,121],"peak":[107,150],"power,":[109],"which":[110],"enhances":[111],"reliability":[113],"responses.":[117],"The":[118],"technique":[120],"1)":[122],"switching":[124],"power":[125,151],"87%;":[127],"2)":[128],"times":[130],"72%":[132],"average":[134,158],"cases":[136],"up":[137],"<inline-formula":[139],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[140],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[141],"<tex-math":[142],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$32\\times":[143],"32$":[144],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[145],";":[146],"3)":[148],"59%.":[153],"Further,":[154],"there":[155],"an":[157],"reduction":[159],"area":[162],"10%":[164],"accelerator.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
