{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3172735406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3086765","title":"Toward Building and Optimizing Trustworthy Systems Using Untrusted Components: A Graph-Theoretic Perspective","display_name":"Toward Building and Optimizing Trustworthy Systems Using Untrusted Components: A Graph-Theoretic Perspective","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3172735406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3086765","mag":"3172735406"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2021.3086765","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3086765","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101676834","display_name":"Xiaotong Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7208-1204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145005","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6h1p91","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145005"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaotong Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","Smart Security Center, State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Security Center, State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625605","display_name":"Xing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4345-6166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029372806","display_name":"Hao Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4608-3254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425242","display_name":"Liang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7744-7789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060253511","display_name":"Kefei Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4786-7261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kefei Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110369733","display_name":"Yu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6108-957X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087455789","display_name":"Kaijie Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-8469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaijie Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, New York University, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, New York University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101676834"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382","https://openalex.org/I4210145005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08031448,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"5","first_page":"1386","last_page":"1399"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6895569562911987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5439157485961914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5197048783302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5018341541290283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/purchasing","display_name":"Purchasing","score":0.47878921031951904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.45921987295150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4534970223903656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.45067551732063293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.29234111309051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18474194407463074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.1651918888092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09657809138298035}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6895569562911987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5439157485961914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5197048783302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5018341541290283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778813691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369832","display_name":"Purchasing","level":2,"score":0.47878921031951904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.45921987295150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4534970223903656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.45067551732063293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.29234111309051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18474194407463074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.1651918888092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09657809138298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2021.3086765","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3086765","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2374632935","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJQN201900641","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G499508454","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJQN202000632","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5357527151","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NVHSKL-202114","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326971","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/031nm5713"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326971","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6h1p91"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65989689","https://openalex.org/W1492970950","https://openalex.org/W1520194899","https://openalex.org/W1856375578","https://openalex.org/W1967949394","https://openalex.org/W1988426258","https://openalex.org/W1992787530","https://openalex.org/W1994094562","https://openalex.org/W1995558750","https://openalex.org/W2012032225","https://openalex.org/W2038861118","https://openalex.org/W2047855165","https://openalex.org/W2089949818","https://openalex.org/W2096927458","https://openalex.org/W2115443376","https://openalex.org/W2115668016","https://openalex.org/W2122476771","https://openalex.org/W2125730340","https://openalex.org/W2145937629","https://openalex.org/W2150928734","https://openalex.org/W2151668694","https://openalex.org/W2154958010","https://openalex.org/W2155843186","https://openalex.org/W2161998562","https://openalex.org/W2274193143","https://openalex.org/W2296231679","https://openalex.org/W2330979548","https://openalex.org/W2464661970","https://openalex.org/W2524064595","https://openalex.org/W2612667056","https://openalex.org/W2739579953","https://openalex.org/W2755690979","https://openalex.org/W2772780992","https://openalex.org/W2778439859","https://openalex.org/W2886429972","https://openalex.org/W2896410658","https://openalex.org/W2897309617","https://openalex.org/W2898173429","https://openalex.org/W2905613613","https://openalex.org/W2905755717","https://openalex.org/W2912416933","https://openalex.org/W2912546287","https://openalex.org/W2918106286","https://openalex.org/W2945995472","https://openalex.org/W2946220239","https://openalex.org/W2946445864","https://openalex.org/W2963583421","https://openalex.org/W3030932237","https://openalex.org/W3036926273","https://openalex.org/W3119853173","https://openalex.org/W3133682768","https://openalex.org/W4230202452","https://openalex.org/W6677324356","https://openalex.org/W6678155112","https://openalex.org/W6682184091","https://openalex.org/W6788095811"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028024605","https://openalex.org/W1596201972","https://openalex.org/W2160425906","https://openalex.org/W1032502488","https://openalex.org/W2767525681","https://openalex.org/W1485627940","https://openalex.org/W2391167130","https://openalex.org/W2092071486","https://openalex.org/W4283067488","https://openalex.org/W2460246254"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,75,121],"globalization":[1],"process":[2],"for":[3],"integrated":[4],"circuits":[5],"(ICs)":[6],"raises":[7],"serious":[8],"concerns":[9],"regarding":[10],"hardware":[11],"Trojans":[12],"(HTs).":[13],"Due":[14],"to":[15,113],"the":[16,38,64,80,84,90,98,104,107,126],"stealth":[17],"and":[18,68,97,115,123],"variety":[19],"of":[20,83,88,92,106,125],"HTs,":[21],"detecting":[22],"them":[23],"at":[24],"test":[25,41],"time":[26],"can":[27],"be":[28],"very":[29],"resource":[30],"intensive.":[31],"This":[32],"situation":[33],"becomes":[34],"even":[35],"worse":[36],"when":[37],"device":[39],"under":[40],"(DUT)":[42],"contains":[43],"untrusted":[44,58],"third-party":[45],"intellectual":[46],"property":[47],"(3PIP)":[48],"cores.":[49],"For":[50],"systems":[51],"on":[52,57],"chip":[53],"(SoCs)":[54],"that":[55],"rely":[56],"3PIP":[59],"cores,":[60],"this":[61],"article":[62],"solves":[63],"online":[65],"HT":[66],"detection":[67],"recovery":[69],"problem":[70],"from":[71],"a":[72],"graph-theoretic":[73,77],"perspective.":[74],"proposed":[76,127],"models":[78],"minimize":[79],"implementation":[81],"cost":[82,91],"system":[85],"in":[86],"terms":[87],"both":[89],"purchasing":[93],"different":[94],"IP":[95,119],"cores":[96],"area":[99],"overhead.":[100],"To":[101],"further":[102],"enhance":[103],"security":[105],"system,":[108],"we":[109],"also":[110],"propose":[111],"schemes":[112],"locate":[114],"replace":[116],"an":[117],"HT-infected":[118],"core.":[120],"feasibility":[122],"efficiency":[124],"techniques":[128],"are":[129],"verified":[130],"by":[131],"experiments.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}