{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3093856088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3082107","title":"MARS: Multimacro Architecture SRAM CIM-Based Accelerator With Co-Designed Compressed Neural Networks","display_name":"MARS: Multimacro Architecture SRAM CIM-Based Accelerator With Co-Designed Compressed Neural Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3093856088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3082107","mag":"3093856088"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2021.3082107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3082107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.12861","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039470387","display_name":"Syuan-Hao Sie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6285-3349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syuan-Hao Sie","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua~University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6285-3349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua~University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082104147","display_name":"Jye-Luen Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9347-8016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jye-Luen Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua~University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9347-8016","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua~University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101786165","display_name":"Yiren Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2538-1105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Ren Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua~University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua~University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085813077","display_name":"Zuo-Wei Yeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuo-Wei Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua~University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua~University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103129965","display_name":"Zhaofang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5485-4488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaofang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua~University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua~University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072237207","display_name":"Chih-Cheng Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2987-5719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Cheng Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Communication Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chutung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2987-5719","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Communication Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chutung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052910427","display_name":"Chih-Cheng Hsieh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4070-5059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Cheng Hsieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua~University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4070-5059","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua~University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023225287","display_name":"Meng\u2010Fan Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6905-6350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng-Fan Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua~University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6905-6350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua~University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044259295","display_name":"Kea\u2010Tiong Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-1236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kea-Tiong Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua~University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-1236","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua~University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4133,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83102824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"5","first_page":"1550","last_page":"1562"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.744953989982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.7109711766242981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4637492299079895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4476536512374878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4194721579551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.41671180725097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-acceleration","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","score":0.4151820242404938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.36888426542282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.2702215611934662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2697157561779022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15441659092903137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.744953989982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.7109711766242981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4637492299079895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4476536512374878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4194721579551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.41671180725097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.4151820242404938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.36888426542282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.2702215611934662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2697157561779022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15441659092903137}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2021.3082107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2021.3082107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2010.12861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.12861","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.12861","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2010.12861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.12861","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.12861","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1529030788","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 109-2218-E-007-019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6144635653","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 109-2262-8-007-022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1845051632","https://openalex.org/W2119144962","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2242818861","https://openalex.org/W2285660444","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2291160084","https://openalex.org/W2469490737","https://openalex.org/W2508602506","https://openalex.org/W2518281301","https://openalex.org/W2560017826","https://openalex.org/W2586654419","https://openalex.org/W2591601611","https://openalex.org/W2612445135","https://openalex.org/W2613989746","https://openalex.org/W2619096655","https://openalex.org/W2623629680","https://openalex.org/W2625457103","https://openalex.org/W2742608242","https://openalex.org/W2786771851","https://openalex.org/W2787513570","https://openalex.org/W2792607576","https://openalex.org/W2792893539","https://openalex.org/W2796625795","https://openalex.org/W2799197246","https://openalex.org/W2799229073","https://openalex.org/W2803549871","https://openalex.org/W2809171749","https://openalex.org/W2898665561","https://openalex.org/W2899481200","https://openalex.org/W2899749435","https://openalex.org/W2910506572","https://openalex.org/W2913104037","https://openalex.org/W2920326572","https://openalex.org/W2921013323","https://openalex.org/W2921329602","https://openalex.org/W2922487710","https://openalex.org/W2951283768","https://openalex.org/W2952682304","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2962851801","https://openalex.org/W2962965870","https://openalex.org/W2963000224","https://openalex.org/W2963122961","https://openalex.org/W2963424132","https://openalex.org/W2964164125","https://openalex.org/W2964176059","https://openalex.org/W2966524683","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2990591126","https://openalex.org/W3010932008","https://openalex.org/W3015655039","https://openalex.org/W3016014942","https://openalex.org/W3024621361","https://openalex.org/W3092083602","https://openalex.org/W3146781226","https://openalex.org/W4236868170","https://openalex.org/W4243519499","https://openalex.org/W4289776862","https://openalex.org/W4295262505","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4297790889","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6693397755","https://openalex.org/W6725543821"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392590355","https://openalex.org/W3151633427","https://openalex.org/W2212894501","https://openalex.org/W2793465010","https://openalex.org/W3024050170","https://openalex.org/W1976168335","https://openalex.org/W2109451123","https://openalex.org/W4378977321","https://openalex.org/W3211992815","https://openalex.org/W3152699334"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Convolutional":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(CNNs)":[3],"play":[4],"a":[5,71,83,106,117,136,148],"key":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,26,82,186],"deep":[9],"learning":[10],"applications.":[11],"However,":[12,42],"the":[13,18,43,77,91,97,153,159],"large":[14],"storage":[15],"overheads":[16],"and":[17,46,62,108,134,139,170,175,183,188],"substantial":[19],"computational":[20,66],"cost":[21],"of":[22,59,100,155],"CNNs":[23],"are":[24],"problematic":[25],"hardware":[27,98,109,161],"accelerators.":[28],"Computing-in-memory":[29],"(CIM)":[30],"architecture":[31,150],"has":[32],"demonstrated":[33],"great":[34],"potential":[35],"to":[36,75,114,151],"effectively":[37],"compute":[38],"large-scale":[39],"matrix\u2013vector":[40],"multiplication.":[41],"intensive":[44],"multiply":[45],"accumulation":[47],"(MAC)":[48],"operations":[49],"executed":[50],"on":[51],"CIM":[52,101,119,129,149],"macros":[53,130],"remain":[54],"bottlenecks":[55],"for":[56,173],"further":[57],"improvement":[58],"energy":[60],"efficiency":[61],"throughput.":[63],"To":[64],"reduce":[65,152],"costs,":[67],"model":[68,78,92,143],"compression":[69,93,144],"is":[70,112],"widely":[72],"studied":[73],"method":[74],"shrink":[76],"size.":[79],"For":[80],"implementation":[81],"static":[84],"random":[85],"access":[86],"memory":[87],"(SRAM)":[88],"CIM\u2013based":[89],"accelerator,":[90],"algorithm":[94,145],"must":[95],"consider":[96],"limitations":[99],"macros.":[102],"In":[103,178],"this":[104],"study,":[105],"software":[107,162],"co-design":[110],"approach":[111],"proposed":[113,160],"design":[115],"MARS,":[116],"SRAM-based":[118],"(SRAM":[120],"CIM)-based":[121],"CNN":[122],"accelerator":[123],"that":[124,146],"can":[125,166],"utilize":[126],"multiple":[127],"SRAM":[128,141],"as":[131],"processing":[132],"units":[133],"support":[135],"sparse":[137],"CNN,":[138],"an":[140],"CIM-aware":[142],"considers":[147],"number":[154],"network":[156],"parameters.":[157],"With":[158],"co-designed":[163],"method,":[164],"MARS":[165,180],"reach":[167],"over":[168],"700":[169],"400":[171],"FPS":[172],"CIFAR-10":[174],"CIFAR-100,":[176],"respectively.":[177,190],"addition,":[179],"achieves":[181],"52.3":[182],"88.2":[184],"TOPs/W":[185],"VGG16":[187],"ResNet18,":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2020-10-29T00:00:00"}
