{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3043891932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2020.3014184","title":"Exploiting Process Variations to Secure Photonic NoC Architectures From Snooping Attacks","display_name":"Exploiting Process Variations to Secure Photonic NoC Architectures From Snooping Attacks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3043891932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2020.3014184","mag":"3043891932"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2020.3014184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2020.3014184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.10454","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057324688","display_name":"Sai Vineel Reddy Chittamuru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0918-1755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11912373","display_name":"Micron (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02fv52296","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11912373"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sai Vineel Reddy Chittamuru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Technology, Inc., Austin, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Technology, Inc., Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11912373"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083056788","display_name":"Ishan Thakkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7289-1530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ishan G. Thakkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","[Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018382547","display_name":"Sudeep Pasricha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-0066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudeep Pasricha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073706633","display_name":"Sairam Sri Vatsavai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1847-3976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sairam Sri Vatsavai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081525966","display_name":"Varun Bhat","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Varun Bhat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm, San Diego, CA, USA","Qualcomm, San Diego, CA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm, San Diego, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1634,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45453818,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"5","first_page":"850","last_page":"863"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6194197535514832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonics","display_name":"Photonics","score":0.5472702980041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","score":0.5392088294029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unicast","display_name":"Unicast","score":0.5269057154655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicast","display_name":"Multicast","score":0.5164833068847656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4879429042339325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.47726625204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4446497857570648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexer","display_name":"Multiplexer","score":0.4243299961090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.3774113655090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.34687376022338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"Wavelength","score":0.2947981357574463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.210948646068573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.16117486357688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14488419890403748}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6194197535514832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.5472702980041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160724564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620670","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.5392088294029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11704745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918337","display_name":"Unicast","level":3,"score":0.5269057154655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32295351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899288","display_name":"Multicast","level":2,"score":0.5164833068847656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4879429042339325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.47726625204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4446497857570648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70970002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189434","display_name":"Multiplexer","level":3,"score":0.4243299961090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.3774113655090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34687376022338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.2947981357574463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.210948646068573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.16117486357688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14488419890403748}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2020.3014184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2020.3014184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2007.10454","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.10454","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.10454","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3043891932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.10454.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2007.10454","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2007.10454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2007.10454","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.10454","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.10454","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6804721218","display_name":"SHF: Small: Energy-Efficient and Reliable Communication with Silicon Photonics for Terascale Datacenters-on-Chip","funder_award_id":"1813370","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309825","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527621767","https://openalex.org/W1541805263","https://openalex.org/W1965253225","https://openalex.org/W1973666805","https://openalex.org/W1979770475","https://openalex.org/W1980073965","https://openalex.org/W1981204644","https://openalex.org/W1985818188","https://openalex.org/W1987550246","https://openalex.org/W1992114564","https://openalex.org/W1997342630","https://openalex.org/W2010202670","https://openalex.org/W2013626493","https://openalex.org/W2057590031","https://openalex.org/W2070990432","https://openalex.org/W2080106381","https://openalex.org/W2081427843","https://openalex.org/W2090933346","https://openalex.org/W2094459711","https://openalex.org/W2103979985","https://openalex.org/W2107571813","https://openalex.org/W2110581719","https://openalex.org/W2119565088","https://openalex.org/W2120912790","https://openalex.org/W2146274038","https://openalex.org/W2147657366","https://openalex.org/W2150283124","https://openalex.org/W2150852850","https://openalex.org/W2161998562","https://openalex.org/W2162207536","https://openalex.org/W2166778460","https://openalex.org/W2169875292","https://openalex.org/W2212947641","https://openalex.org/W2346249115","https://openalex.org/W2402129879","https://openalex.org/W2407739995","https://openalex.org/W2507246620","https://openalex.org/W2531298899","https://openalex.org/W2711465700","https://openalex.org/W2725159389","https://openalex.org/W2725254221","https://openalex.org/W2734659545","https://openalex.org/W2754246807","https://openalex.org/W2754449155","https://openalex.org/W2762562645","https://openalex.org/W2774533984","https://openalex.org/W2801471062","https://openalex.org/W2805862866","https://openalex.org/W2808703947","https://openalex.org/W2899041047","https://openalex.org/W2899239574","https://openalex.org/W2899262156","https://openalex.org/W2979782395","https://openalex.org/W3142625642","https://openalex.org/W3147132987","https://openalex.org/W4234553786","https://openalex.org/W4238294798","https://openalex.org/W6663109906","https://openalex.org/W6684544287","https://openalex.org/W6721317063","https://openalex.org/W7009752077"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3047623602","https://openalex.org/W3159062712","https://openalex.org/W2078395833","https://openalex.org/W1550042518","https://openalex.org/W2725254221","https://openalex.org/W2056133108","https://openalex.org/W3010155664","https://openalex.org/W3128594790","https://openalex.org/W316756493","https://openalex.org/W2323116432","https://openalex.org/W2291713822","https://openalex.org/W2154279846","https://openalex.org/W2116036846","https://openalex.org/W1918981715","https://openalex.org/W2057590031","https://openalex.org/W2024350411","https://openalex.org/W2549945391","https://openalex.org/W3008697961","https://openalex.org/W1599987027","https://openalex.org/W2169299437"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,101],"compact":[1],"size":[2],"and":[3,22,126],"high":[4,27],"wavelength-selectivity":[5],"of":[6,46,119,127],"microring":[7],"resonators":[8],"(MRs)":[9],"enable":[10],"photonic":[11,20,64],"networks-on-chip":[12],"(PNoCs)":[13],"to":[14,49,53,87,121,129],"utilize":[15],"dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing":[16],"(DWDM)":[17],"in":[18,37,61,99,123,131],"their":[19],"waveguides,":[21],"as":[23,94,96],"a":[24,33,38,62,68,75],"result,":[25],"attain":[26],"bandwidth":[28],"on-chip":[29],"data":[30,55],"transfers.":[31],"Unfortunately,":[32],"hardware":[34,110],"Trojan":[35],"(HT)":[36],"PNoC":[39,114],"can":[40,108],"manipulate":[41],"the":[42,51,57],"electrical":[43],"driving":[44],"circuit":[45],"its":[47],"MRs":[48,52],"cause":[50],"snoop":[54],"from":[56],"neighboring":[58],"wavelength":[59],"channels":[60],"shared":[63],"waveguide,":[65],"which":[66],"introduces":[67],"serious":[69],"security":[70,111],"threat.":[71],"This":[72],"article":[73],"presents":[74],"framework":[76,107],"that":[77,105],"utilizes":[78],"process":[79],"variation-based":[80],"authentication":[81],"signatures":[82],"along":[83],"with":[84,116],"architecture-level":[85],"enhancements":[86],"protect":[88],"against":[89],"data-snooping":[90],"HT":[91],"during":[92],"unicast":[93],"well":[95],"multicast":[97],"transfers":[98],"PNoCs.":[100],"evaluation":[102],"results":[103],"indicate":[104],"our":[106],"improve":[109],"across":[112],"various":[113],"architectures":[115],"minimal":[117],"overheads":[118],"up":[120,128],"14.2%":[122],"average":[124],"latency":[125],"14.6%":[130],"energy-delay-product":[132],"(EDP).":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}