{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3090924437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2020.3013096","title":"WinDConv: A Fused Datapath CNN Accelerator for Power-Efficient Edge Devices","display_name":"WinDConv: A Fused Datapath CNN Accelerator for Power-Efficient Edge Devices","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3090924437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2020.3013096","mag":"3090924437"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2020.3013096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2020.3013096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041747019","display_name":"Gopinath Mahale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6950-0834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gopinath Mahale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Research and Development Institute India\u2013Bangalore Pvt., Ltd., Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6950-0834","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Research and Development Institute India\u2013Bangalore Pvt., Ltd., Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074864897","display_name":"Pramod Udupa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4943-3643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pramod Udupa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Research and Development Institute India\u2013Bangalore Pvt., Ltd., Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4943-3643","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Research and Development Institute India\u2013Bangalore Pvt., Ltd., Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072829097","display_name":"Kiran Kolar Chandrasekharan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0741-6696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiran Kolar Chandrasekharan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Research and Development Institute India\u2013Bangalore Pvt., Ltd., Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0741-6696","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Research and Development Institute India\u2013Bangalore Pvt., Ltd., Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032109382","display_name":"Sehwan Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5504-974X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sehwan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Company Ltd., Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5504-974X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Company Ltd., Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.575,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69043597,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"11","first_page":"4278","last_page":"4289"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/datapath","display_name":"Datapath","score":0.9400033354759216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7530155181884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5760615468025208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-acceleration","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","score":0.5625773668289185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5054163932800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.5019845962524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.47737643122673035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.47108614444732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.46686673164367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-budget","display_name":"Power budget","score":0.4586681127548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.43479642271995544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.42713066935539246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-efficiency","display_name":"Electrical efficiency","score":0.4229314625263214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.41998687386512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.41787174344062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4088706374168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3584379255771637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24902969598770142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.19756129384040833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.17519810795783997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.1662842333316803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12121832370758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1003991961479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09484973549842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.0913146436214447}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781198647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1633673","display_name":"Datapath","level":2,"score":0.9400033354759216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7530155181884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5760615468025208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.5625773668289185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5054163932800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.5019845962524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.47737643122673035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.47108614444732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.46686673164367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149768029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509342","display_name":"Power budget","level":4,"score":0.4586681127548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43479642271995544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.42713066935539246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118993495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042828","display_name":"Electrical efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4229314625263214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.41998687386512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.41787174344062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4088706374168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3584379255771637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24902969598770142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.19756129384040833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.17519810795783997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.1662842333316803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12121832370758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1003991961479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09484973549842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0913146436214447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2020.3013096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2020.3013096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2134670479","https://openalex.org/W2172654076","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2286365479","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2304648132","https://openalex.org/W2516141709","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2612445135","https://openalex.org/W2707890836","https://openalex.org/W2742152118","https://openalex.org/W2750173518","https://openalex.org/W2809121165","https://openalex.org/W2809426916","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2921967969","https://openalex.org/W2922395136","https://openalex.org/W2962814013","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2963287528","https://openalex.org/W2963416938","https://openalex.org/W2963840672","https://openalex.org/W2964002551","https://openalex.org/W3038113447","https://openalex.org/W3098486933","https://openalex.org/W3176483701","https://openalex.org/W4237812669","https://openalex.org/W4243682116","https://openalex.org/W4287864584","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W6679792166","https://openalex.org/W6696004547","https://openalex.org/W6752630882"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109699519","https://openalex.org/W2006568360","https://openalex.org/W970262775","https://openalex.org/W4233616027","https://openalex.org/W2059591361","https://openalex.org/W2537803004","https://openalex.org/W4390467929","https://openalex.org/W4389580120","https://openalex.org/W4386763653","https://openalex.org/W3140218589"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diverse":[0],"applications":[1],"of":[2,33,36,51,126,162,170],"Deep":[3],"convolution":[4,172],"neural":[5],"networks":[6],"(CNNs),":[7],"such":[8],"as":[9],"image":[10],"classification,":[11],"semantic":[12],"segmentation,":[13],"video":[14],"recognition,":[15],"etc.,":[16],"in":[17,67,166],"smart":[18],"systems":[19],"require":[20],"high-throughput":[21],"acceleration":[22,60],"for":[23,61,111],"real-time":[24],"performance.":[25],"Such":[26],"CNNs":[27,64],"when":[28],"realized":[29],"on":[30,86],"edge":[31],"devices":[32],"the":[34,47,52,62,87,102,114,143,160,163,171],"Internet":[35],"Things,":[37],"a":[38,76,91,96,107,121],"power/energy-efficient":[39],"compute":[40],"platform":[41],"is":[42,65,117,137],"required,":[43],"which":[44,136],"can":[45],"meet":[46],"limited":[48],"power/energy":[49],"budget":[50],"devices.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55,68],"regard,":[56],"an":[57],"end-to-end":[58],"power-optimized":[59],"compute-intensive":[63],"proposed":[66,71,115,156,164],"work.":[69],"The":[70,155],"architecture,":[72],"termed":[73],"WinDConv,":[74],"introduces":[75],"scheme":[77],"to":[78,119],"support":[79],"both":[80],"regular":[81],"and":[82,106],"energy-efficient":[83],"Winograd":[84],"convolutions":[85],"same":[88],"architecture":[89,116,148,157],"through":[90],"fused":[92],"datapath.":[93],"Furthermore,":[94],"using":[95],"thoroughly":[97],"investigated":[98],"data":[99,103],"sparsity":[100],"enhancement,":[101],"reuse":[104],"scheme,":[105],"suitable":[108],"memory":[109],"hierarchy":[110],"power":[112,124],"efficiency,":[113],"able":[118],"exhibit":[120],"practical":[122],"average":[123],"efficiency":[125],"at":[127,138],"least":[128,139],"12.35":[129],"tera":[130],"operations":[131],"per":[132,134],"second":[133],"Watt,":[135],"2\u00d7":[140],"higher":[141,152],"than":[142],"generic":[144],"z-first":[145],"storage":[146],"baseline":[147],"with":[149],"over":[150],"3\u00d7":[151],"energy":[153],"efficiency.":[154],"also":[158],"demonstrates":[159],"applicability":[161],"schemes":[165],"commonly":[167],"occurring":[168],"variants":[169],"operation.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}