{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3017008333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2020.2988351","title":"How Secure Are Checkpoint-Based Defenses in Digital Microfluidic Biochips?","display_name":"How Secure Are Checkpoint-Based Defenses in Digital Microfluidic Biochips?","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3017008333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2020.2988351","mag":"3017008333"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2020.2988351","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2020.2988351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079791794","display_name":"Mohammed Shayan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5454-1927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Shayan","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, Brooklyn, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5454-1927","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, Brooklyn, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062886706","display_name":"Sukanta Bhattacharjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4341-5380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317621060","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati","ror":"https://ror.org/0022nd079","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sukanta Bhattacharjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4341-5380","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004214923","display_name":"Robert Wille","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4993-7860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Wille","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Integrated Circuits, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4993-7860","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Integrated Circuits, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033880864","display_name":"Krishnendu Chakrabarty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4475-6435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krishnendu Chakrabarty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4475-6435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059648257","display_name":"Ramesh Karri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7989-5617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramesh Karri","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, Brooklyn, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7989-5617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, Brooklyn, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6512,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64808711,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"1","first_page":"143","last_page":"156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11407","display_name":"Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10412","display_name":"Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochip","display_name":"Biochip","score":0.8715415000915527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7022788524627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5919791460037231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterexample","display_name":"Counterexample","score":0.5135231614112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5113574862480164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.49437475204467773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satisfiability","display_name":"Satisfiability","score":0.47225895524024963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-analysis","display_name":"Security analysis","score":0.4682033658027649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.41268038749694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4103676378726959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.14612969756126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.09739145636558533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.08744475245475769}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87892846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864256","display_name":"Biochip","level":2,"score":0.8715415000915527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7022788524627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5919791460037231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162838799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596077","display_name":"Counterexample","level":2,"score":0.5135231614112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5113574862480164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.49437475204467773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168773769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1350299","display_name":"Satisfiability","level":2,"score":0.47225895524024963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.4682033658027649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.41268038749694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4103676378726959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.14612969756126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.09739145636558533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.08744475245475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2020.2988351","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2020.2988351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1305876782","display_name":"EAGER: Collaborative: Secure and Trustworthy Cyberphysical Microfluidic Systems","funder_award_id":"1833624","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2964902091","display_name":"EAGER: Collaborative: Secure and Trustworthy Cyberphysical Microfluidic Systems","funder_award_id":"1833622","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G923888629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-17-1-0320","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309290","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313203","display_name":"New York University Abu Dhabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00e5k0821"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480909796","https://openalex.org/W1518705996","https://openalex.org/W1524250393","https://openalex.org/W1921711639","https://openalex.org/W1964173930","https://openalex.org/W1964531440","https://openalex.org/W1980181699","https://openalex.org/W1986545547","https://openalex.org/W2007502331","https://openalex.org/W2018208873","https://openalex.org/W2029481052","https://openalex.org/W2039427951","https://openalex.org/W2041672535","https://openalex.org/W2069693306","https://openalex.org/W2080336548","https://openalex.org/W2084703732","https://openalex.org/W2086187432","https://openalex.org/W2111267412","https://openalex.org/W2113162124","https://openalex.org/W2116725029","https://openalex.org/W2132670485","https://openalex.org/W2155074420","https://openalex.org/W2155180508","https://openalex.org/W2185340920","https://openalex.org/W2330650066","https://openalex.org/W2342876677","https://openalex.org/W2395906706","https://openalex.org/W2472025922","https://openalex.org/W2472747054","https://openalex.org/W2518623905","https://openalex.org/W2581266802","https://openalex.org/W2588223716","https://openalex.org/W2588455182","https://openalex.org/W2588979191","https://openalex.org/W2611969498","https://openalex.org/W2612166869","https://openalex.org/W2750603233","https://openalex.org/W2770340443","https://openalex.org/W2771011825","https://openalex.org/W2786231042","https://openalex.org/W2792705209","https://openalex.org/W2793312692","https://openalex.org/W2794783416","https://openalex.org/W2799293060","https://openalex.org/W2805627081","https://openalex.org/W2810184035","https://openalex.org/W2848779064","https://openalex.org/W2887839501","https://openalex.org/W2890169998","https://openalex.org/W2894885919","https://openalex.org/W2898284134","https://openalex.org/W2900049063","https://openalex.org/W2903844065","https://openalex.org/W2927285161","https://openalex.org/W2935677582","https://openalex.org/W4229955117","https://openalex.org/W4244008682","https://openalex.org/W4246217149","https://openalex.org/W6720349082","https://openalex.org/W6752329938"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364922518","https://openalex.org/W2361860382","https://openalex.org/W1995422305","https://openalex.org/W2953113086","https://openalex.org/W1552191998","https://openalex.org/W2056825861","https://openalex.org/W2765989158","https://openalex.org/W2952737788","https://openalex.org/W4226455345","https://openalex.org/W4281812495"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,32],"digital":[1],"microfluidic":[2],"biochip":[3],"(DMFB)":[4],"is":[5,35,57,125,139,142],"a":[6,19,28,54,121,137,172,207],"miniaturized":[7],"laboratory":[8],"capable":[9],"of":[10,18,53,58,110,133,136,166,178,185,199,206],"implementing":[11],"biochemical":[12],"protocols.":[13],"Fully":[14],"integrated":[15],"DMFBs":[16],"consist":[17],"hardware":[20],"platform,":[21],"controller,":[22],"and":[23,47,203],"network":[24],"connectivity,":[25],"making":[26],"it":[27],"cyber-physical":[29],"system":[30],"(CPS).":[31],"DMFB":[33,55,111,138],"CPS":[34,56],"being":[36],"advocated":[37],"for":[38],"safety-critical":[39],"applications,":[40],"such":[41],"as":[42],"medical":[43],"diagnosis,":[44],"drug":[45],"development,":[46],"personalized":[48],"medicine.":[49],"Hence,":[50],"the":[51,116,134,146,163,176,183,186],"security":[52,86,135,197],"immense":[59],"importance":[60],"to":[61,99,127,169],"their":[62],"successful":[63],"deployment.":[64],"Recent":[65],"research":[66],"has":[67],"made":[68],"progress":[69],"in":[70,145],"devising":[71,120],"corresponding":[72],"defense":[73,122,174],"mechanisms":[74],"by":[75,156,189],"employing":[76],"so-called":[77],"checkpoints":[78],"(CPs).":[79],"Existing":[80],"solutions":[81],"either":[82],"rely":[83,106],"on":[84,107,193],"probabilistic":[85],"analysis":[87,132,198],"that":[88,124],"does":[89],"not":[90,143],"consider":[91],"all":[92,113],"possible":[93],"actions":[94],"an":[95,101,130,158,179],"attacker":[96],"may":[97],"use":[98],"overcome":[100],"applied":[102],"CP":[103,211],"mechanism":[104],"or":[105],"exhaustive":[108],"monitoring":[109],"at":[112],"time-steps":[114],"during":[115],"assay":[117],"execution.":[118],"For":[119],"scheme":[123],"guaranteed":[126],"be":[128],"secure,":[129],"exact":[131,159],"needed.":[140],"This":[141],"available":[144],"current":[147],"state-of-the-art.":[148],"In":[149],"this":[150,154],"article,":[151],"we":[152],"address":[153],"issue":[155],"developing":[157],"method,":[160],"which":[161],"uses":[162],"deductive":[164],"power":[165],"satisfiability":[167],"solvers":[168],"verify":[170],"whether":[171],"CP-based":[173],"thwarts":[175],"execution":[177],"attack.":[180],"We":[181],"demonstrate":[182],"usefulness":[184],"proposed":[187],"method":[188],"showcasing":[190],"two":[191],"applications":[192],"practical":[194],"bioassays:":[195],"1)":[196],"various":[200],"checkpointing":[201],"strategies":[202],"2)":[204],"derivation":[205],"counterexample-guided":[208],"fool-proof":[209],"secure":[210],"scheme.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}