{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2894811292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2018.2857080","title":"Weighted Quantization-Regularization in DNNs for Weight Memory Minimization Toward HW Implementation","display_name":"Weighted Quantization-Regularization in DNNs for Weight Memory Minimization Toward HW Implementation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2894811292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2018.2857080","mag":"2894811292"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2018.2857080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2018.2857080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087503534","display_name":"Matthias Wess","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1877-4114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Wess","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Technology, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Technology, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047725314","display_name":"Sai Manoj Pudukotai Dinakarrao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-2387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sai Manoj Pudukotai Dinakarrao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032163732","display_name":"Axel Jantsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2251-0004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Axel Jantsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Technology, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Technology, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087503534"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2981,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91699237,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"11","first_page":"2929","last_page":"2939"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.8607317209243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6497858762741089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.5744791626930237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.5574759244918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5106437802314758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-quantization","display_name":"Vector quantization","score":0.4475489556789398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponent","display_name":"Exponent","score":0.44110631942749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4371940493583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression-ratio","display_name":"Data compression ratio","score":0.4239903688430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linde\u2013buzo\u2013gray-algorithm","display_name":"Linde\u2013Buzo\u2013Gray algorithm","score":0.4197717607021332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25455528497695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2375078797340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-compression","display_name":"Image compression","score":0.12577489018440247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.8607317209243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6497858762741089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.5744791626930237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5574759244918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5106437802314758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199833920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612536","display_name":"Vector quantization","level":2,"score":0.4475489556789398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780388253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421508","display_name":"Exponent","level":2,"score":0.44110631942749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4371940493583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94835093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3113333","display_name":"Data compression ratio","level":5,"score":0.4239903688430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93372532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6552455","display_name":"Linde\u2013Buzo\u2013Gray algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4197717607021332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25455528497695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2375078797340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13481523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412438","display_name":"Image compression","level":4,"score":0.12577489018440247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2018.2857080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2018.2857080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1825672851","https://openalex.org/W1841592590","https://openalex.org/W1902934009","https://openalex.org/W1910131649","https://openalex.org/W2094756095","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2119144962","https://openalex.org/W2123045220","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2285660444","https://openalex.org/W2286365479","https://openalex.org/W2335728318","https://openalex.org/W2395566064","https://openalex.org/W2524428287","https://openalex.org/W2554302513","https://openalex.org/W2578481478","https://openalex.org/W2593221942","https://openalex.org/W2604700561","https://openalex.org/W2611105550","https://openalex.org/W2657126969","https://openalex.org/W2731010577","https://openalex.org/W2757876702","https://openalex.org/W2963114950","https://openalex.org/W2963273111","https://openalex.org/W2963374099","https://openalex.org/W2963382180","https://openalex.org/W2963452728","https://openalex.org/W2963674932","https://openalex.org/W2964228333","https://openalex.org/W2964299589","https://openalex.org/W4294371482","https://openalex.org/W4299322810","https://openalex.org/W6638632666","https://openalex.org/W6638783484","https://openalex.org/W6638839971","https://openalex.org/W6639703010","https://openalex.org/W6677580257","https://openalex.org/W6677995690","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6696004547","https://openalex.org/W6703116779","https://openalex.org/W6711716804","https://openalex.org/W6727208969","https://openalex.org/W6734062232","https://openalex.org/W6736166019","https://openalex.org/W6738957339","https://openalex.org/W6740609221","https://openalex.org/W6746370421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539956819","https://openalex.org/W2017514583","https://openalex.org/W2352648934","https://openalex.org/W2100120615","https://openalex.org/W2391875658","https://openalex.org/W156190883","https://openalex.org/W2378212145","https://openalex.org/W2165855302","https://openalex.org/W2387054321","https://openalex.org/W1929869830"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deployment":[0],"of":[1,25,89,141,154],"deep":[2],"neural":[3],"networks":[4],"on":[5,134],"hardware":[6,34],"platforms":[7],"is":[8],"often":[9],"constrained":[10],"by":[11,85],"limited":[12],"on-chip":[13],"memory":[14,28],"and":[15,44,75,161],"computational":[16],"power.":[17],"The":[18,130],"proposed":[19],"weight":[20,27,57],"quantization":[21,47,84,95,106,117],"offers":[22],"the":[23,31,56,82,87,90,93,102],"possibility":[24],"optimizing":[26],"alongside":[29],"transforming":[30],"weights":[32,91],"to":[33,54,64,80,92,101],"friendly":[35],"data":[36],"types.":[37],"We":[38],"apply":[39],"dynamic":[40],"fixed":[41],"point":[42],"(DFP)":[43],"power-of-two":[45],"(Po2)":[46],"in":[48,118],"conjunction":[49],"with":[50,120,146],"layer-wise":[51,147],"precision":[52,65,148],"scaling":[53,149],"minimize":[55],"memory.":[58],"To":[59],"alleviate":[60],"accuracy":[61,139],"degradation":[62,140],"due":[63],"scaling,":[66],"we":[67,150],"employ":[68],"quantization-aware":[69],"fine-tuning.":[70],"For":[71],"fine-tuning,":[72],"quantization-regularization":[73],"(QR)":[74],"weighted":[76],"QR":[77],"are":[78,132],"introduced":[79],"force":[81],"trained":[83],"adding":[86],"distance":[88],"desired":[94],"levels":[96],"as":[97],"a":[98],"regularization":[99],"term":[100],"loss-function.":[103],"While":[104],"DFP":[105,145],"performs":[107],"better":[108],"when":[109],"allowing":[110],"different":[111],"bit-widths":[112],"for":[113,126,144,156,159,163],"each":[114],"layer,":[115],"Po2":[116],"combination":[119],"retraining":[121],"allows":[122],"higher":[123],"compression":[124,152],"rates":[125],"equal":[127],"bit-width":[128],"quantization.":[129],"techniques":[131],"verified":[133],"an":[135],"all-convolutional":[136],"network.":[137],"With":[138],"0.10%":[142],"points,":[143],"achieve":[151],"ratios":[153],"7.34":[155],"CIFAR-10,":[157],"4.7":[158],"CIFAR-100,":[160],"9.33":[162],"SVHN":[164],"dataset.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}