{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2808155767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2018.2846634","title":"A Binary-Feature-Based Object Recognition Accelerator With 22 M-Vector/s Throughput and 0.68 G-Vector/J Energy-Efficiency for Full-HD Resolution","display_name":"A Binary-Feature-Based Object Recognition Accelerator With 22 M-Vector/s Throughput and 0.68 G-Vector/J Energy-Efficiency for Full-HD Resolution","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2808155767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2018.2846634","mag":"2808155767"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2018.2846634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2018.2846634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100358856","display_name":"Leibo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7548-4116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leibo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7548-4116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017205152","display_name":"Wenping Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3276-4019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenping Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Semiconductors, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3276-4019","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Semiconductors, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054524841","display_name":"Shouyi Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2309-572X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shouyi Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036023084","display_name":"Shaojun Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5117-7920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaojun Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5117-7920","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.104,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42707623,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"7","first_page":"1265","last_page":"1277"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.6325501799583435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5816764831542969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5778566598892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.52439945936203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.5083631873130798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-tree","display_name":"Binary tree","score":0.48323163390159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.46778616309165955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4343903064727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-acceleration","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","score":0.41844624280929565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39375558495521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3647238612174988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3207976222038269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.30685824155807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2565544843673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18968096375465393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.0786028504371643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07497367262840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0743638277053833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.6325501799583435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5816764831542969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5778566598892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.52439945936203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.5083631873130798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197855036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380172","display_name":"Binary tree","level":2,"score":0.48323163390159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.46778616309165955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4343903064727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.41844624280929565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39375558495521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3647238612174988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3207976222038269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.30685824155807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2565544843673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18968096375465393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0786028504371643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07497367262840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0743638277053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2018.2846634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2018.2846634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8631398856","display_name":"\u52a8\u6001\u5c40\u90e8\u91cd\u6784\u5bc6\u7801\u82af\u7247\u6297\u7269\u7406\u653b\u51fb\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61672317","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W305053096","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1612997784","https://openalex.org/W1627400044","https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W1995266040","https://openalex.org/W2015222750","https://openalex.org/W2019085623","https://openalex.org/W2020300099","https://openalex.org/W2024668293","https://openalex.org/W2041878876","https://openalex.org/W2048167605","https://openalex.org/W2099253838","https://openalex.org/W2117228865","https://openalex.org/W2122115292","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2124509324","https://openalex.org/W2128017662","https://openalex.org/W2133296809","https://openalex.org/W2139138778","https://openalex.org/W2141584146","https://openalex.org/W2145065594","https://openalex.org/W2146020873","https://openalex.org/W2156854610","https://openalex.org/W2165992662","https://openalex.org/W2185675025","https://openalex.org/W2191707460","https://openalex.org/W2201936386","https://openalex.org/W2220186035","https://openalex.org/W2232734337","https://openalex.org/W2265387887","https://openalex.org/W2293597654","https://openalex.org/W2338883220","https://openalex.org/W2506033017","https://openalex.org/W2760011800","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2913932916","https://openalex.org/W3103648783","https://openalex.org/W4251880635","https://openalex.org/W6636759986","https://openalex.org/W6686180304","https://openalex.org/W6697214482"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136620687","https://openalex.org/W2015222750","https://openalex.org/W2147029945","https://openalex.org/W2165992662","https://openalex.org/W2759814072","https://openalex.org/W2506033017","https://openalex.org/W2998714877","https://openalex.org/W2793259861","https://openalex.org/W2759560667","https://openalex.org/W2112329315","https://openalex.org/W3044527724","https://openalex.org/W2138207765","https://openalex.org/W2889279385","https://openalex.org/W2563986440","https://openalex.org/W2942537496","https://openalex.org/W2905525049","https://openalex.org/W2951469251","https://openalex.org/W3134136549","https://openalex.org/W3113079893","https://openalex.org/W2549093931"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Considering":[0],"that":[1],"the":[2,36,43,49,53,61,79,88,124],"binary-feature-based":[3],"approximate":[4],"nearest":[5],"neighbor":[6],"(ANN)":[7],"search":[8,90],"technique":[9],"has":[10],"not":[11],"been":[12],"fully":[13,104],"exploited":[14],"to":[15,27,67,86,170],"date,":[16],"a":[17,74,101,113,163],"multisegment":[18,37],"binary":[19,30],"feature-based":[20],"hierarchical":[21,75],"clustering":[22],"tree":[23],"model":[24],"is":[25,40,84,109,129,178],"proposed":[26,125],"achieve":[28],"fast":[29],"feature":[31,63],"matching":[32],"(FM).":[33],"In":[34],"addition,":[35],"vocabulary":[38],"forest,":[39],"developed":[41],"for":[42,96,156],"ease":[44],"of":[45,57,60,123],"hardware-oriented":[46],"implementation.":[47],"During":[48],"ANN":[50],"searching":[51],"process,":[52],"corresponding":[54],"leaf":[55],"nodes":[56],"each":[58],"segment":[59],"query":[62],"are":[64],"returned":[65],"simultaneously":[66],"improve":[68],"processing":[69],"speed":[70],"and":[71,92,118,143,153,165],"accuracy.":[72],"Furthermore,":[73],"decomposition":[76],"based":[77,111,131],"on":[78,112,132],"term":[80],"frequency-inverse":[81],"document":[82],"frequency":[83],"used":[85],"reduce":[87],"run-time":[89],"space":[91],"total":[93],"memory":[94],"footprint":[95],"object":[97,106,119,126],"database":[98],"storage.":[99],"Finally,":[100],"fine-grained":[102],"feature-level":[103],"pipelined":[105],"recognition":[107,127],"accelerator":[108,128,139],"implemented":[110],"dedicated":[114],"design":[115],"between":[116],"FM":[117],"scoring.":[120],"The":[121,138,174],"performance":[122],"evaluated":[130],"TSMC":[133],"65":[134],"nm":[135],"CMOS":[136],"technology.":[137],"achieves":[140],"22":[141],"M-vec/s":[142],"6.8":[144],"\u00d7":[145],"10":[146],"<sup":[147],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[148],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">8</sup>":[149],"vec/J":[150],"in":[151],"throughput":[152],"energy":[154],"efficiency":[155],"full-HD":[157],"resolution,":[158],"respectively;":[159],"these":[160],"results":[161],"represent":[162],"10.6\u00d7":[164],"9\u00d7":[166],"improvement,":[167],"respectively,":[168],"relative":[169],"current":[171],"state-of-the-art":[172],"solutions.":[173],"average":[175],"power":[176],"consumption":[177],"32.6":[179],"mW":[180],"when":[181],"operating":[182],"at":[183],"200":[184],"MHz.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}