{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2752809076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2017.2750072","title":"PROBE: A Placement, Routing, Back-End-of-Line Measurement Utility","display_name":"PROBE: A Placement, Routing, Back-End-of-Line Measurement Utility","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2752809076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2017.2750072","mag":"2752809076"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2017.2750072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2017.2750072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051306614","display_name":"Alex Kahng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Kahng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA","Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","Harvard University, Cambridge, MA,#R#                USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA,#R#                USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073558386","display_name":"Andrew B. Kahng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4490-5018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew B. Kahng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA","Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100648766","display_name":"Hyein Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8037-2207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyein Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA","[Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8037-2207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454287","display_name":"Jiajia Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-9764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajia Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA","[Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-9764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5848,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70369903,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"7","first_page":"1459","last_page":"1472"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11527","display_name":"3D IC and TSV technologies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netlist","display_name":"Netlist","score":0.8615028858184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6593338251113892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/back-end-of-line","display_name":"Back end of line","score":0.6455129981040955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5653423070907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/place-and-route","display_name":"Place and route","score":0.488931804895401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/placement","display_name":"Placement","score":0.439267635345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.425764262676239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-design","display_name":"Physical design","score":0.33669859170913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.31381988525390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.27145761251449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2437642514705658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16687408089637756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-design","display_name":"Circuit design","score":0.15840637683868408}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177650935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1760303","display_name":"Netlist","level":2,"score":0.8615028858184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6593338251113892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776628375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4839229","display_name":"Back end of line","level":3,"score":0.6455129981040955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5653423070907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127879752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3390760","display_name":"Place and route","level":3,"score":0.488931804895401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117690923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1484784","display_name":"Placement","level":4,"score":0.439267635345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.425764262676239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188817802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13426855","display_name":"Physical design","level":3,"score":0.33669859170913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.31381988525390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.27145761251449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2437642514705658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16687408089637756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190560348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3245116","display_name":"Circuit design","level":2,"score":0.15840637683868408}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2017.2750072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2017.2750072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485786366","https://openalex.org/W1675335411","https://openalex.org/W1970296212","https://openalex.org/W1971436411","https://openalex.org/W1972047514","https://openalex.org/W1985282266","https://openalex.org/W1999116995","https://openalex.org/W2010747748","https://openalex.org/W2011912079","https://openalex.org/W2014919362","https://openalex.org/W2020935379","https://openalex.org/W2028762187","https://openalex.org/W2032352143","https://openalex.org/W2035353258","https://openalex.org/W2049446512","https://openalex.org/W2051485741","https://openalex.org/W2072175262","https://openalex.org/W2077146981","https://openalex.org/W2085073472","https://openalex.org/W2090971357","https://openalex.org/W2091822235","https://openalex.org/W2097405447","https://openalex.org/W2097452558","https://openalex.org/W2099184857","https://openalex.org/W2111945398","https://openalex.org/W2112547226","https://openalex.org/W2119248453","https://openalex.org/W2128005148","https://openalex.org/W2128998437","https://openalex.org/W2147345706","https://openalex.org/W2148618168","https://openalex.org/W2161125053","https://openalex.org/W2161510137","https://openalex.org/W2172326478","https://openalex.org/W2554031552","https://openalex.org/W3140720939","https://openalex.org/W3145272032","https://openalex.org/W3186546642","https://openalex.org/W4213264771","https://openalex.org/W4234740743","https://openalex.org/W4255322044","https://openalex.org/W4302856910","https://openalex.org/W6808869560"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995821058","https://openalex.org/W2157541699","https://openalex.org/W1987487129","https://openalex.org/W2164654367","https://openalex.org/W3129822007","https://openalex.org/W2169510384","https://openalex.org/W146048418","https://openalex.org/W4386859294","https://openalex.org/W2543290882","https://openalex.org/W2077246255"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,45],"advanced":[1],"technology":[2],"nodes,":[3],"correctly":[4],"choosing":[5],"among":[6],"available":[7],"back-end-of-line":[8],"(BEOL)":[9],"stack":[10,29,60,97],"options":[11,30],"is":[12,24],"important":[13,93],"to":[14,26,53],"meet":[15],"stringent":[16],"design":[17,40,134],"quality":[18],"of":[19,57,66,125,133],"results":[20,76],"requirements.":[21],"However,":[22],"it":[23],"nontrivial":[25],"evaluate":[27],"BEOL":[28,59,96],"since":[31],"the":[32,38,105,108,131],"routing":[33,55,109,113,137],"outcomes":[34],"highly":[35],"depend":[36],"on":[37,69,123,136],"input":[39],"(e.g.,":[41],"netlist,":[42],"placement,":[43],"etc.).":[44],"this":[46],"paper,":[47],"we":[48,73,102,117],"propose":[49],"a":[50,58,126],"systematic":[51],"framework":[52,88],"measure":[54],"capacity":[56],"as":[61,63],"well":[62],"inherent":[64],"capability":[65],"routers.":[67],"Based":[68],"our":[70,86,100],"experimental":[71],"results,":[72],"observe":[74],"consistent":[75],"across":[77],"mesh-like":[78],"placement":[79],"and":[80,112],"placements":[81],"from":[82],"various":[83],"placers.":[84],"Also,":[85],"proposed":[87],"enables":[89],"new":[90],"insights":[91],"into":[92],"questions":[94],"regarding":[95],"options.":[98],"Using":[99],"framework,":[101],"further":[103],"study":[104,121],"relation":[106],"between":[107],"hotspot":[110],"size":[111,135],"failure":[114],"empirically.":[115],"Lastly,":[116],"present":[118],"an":[119],"analytical":[120],"based":[122],"exponentiation":[124],"Markov":[127],"transition":[128],"matrix":[129],"about":[130],"impact":[132],"failure.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
