{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2406293284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2016.2587683","title":"DLAU: A Scalable Deep Learning Accelerator Unit on FPGA","display_name":"DLAU: A Scalable Deep Learning Accelerator Unit on FPGA","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2406293284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2016.2587683","mag":"2406293284"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2016.2587683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2016.2587683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011884768","display_name":"Chao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9403-5575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072915437","display_name":"Lei Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8391-5526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103681424","display_name":"Qi Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0772-9691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101494435","display_name":"Xi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0147-1368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100385336","display_name":"Yuan Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2093-1788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077322091","display_name":"Xuehai Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-3143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuehai Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.8732,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":301,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99429826,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.811165452003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8015232086181641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7742313146591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7342680096626282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5436933636665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.5367482900619507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47854289412498474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.4556293189525604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.43088480830192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.42959344387054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.2100672423839569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12390148639678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.09968879818916321}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.811165452003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8015232086181641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7742313146591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7342680096626282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5436933636665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.5367482900619507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47854289412498474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.4556293189525604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.43088480830192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42959344387054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.2100672423839569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12390148639678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.09968879818916321}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2016.2587683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2016.2587683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-133434","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://lbdiscover.ust.hk/uresolver?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/HKUST:SPI&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0278-0070&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2017&rft.spage=513&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Chao&rft.atitle=DLAU%3A+A+scalable+deep+learning+accelerator+unit+on+FPGA&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Computer-Aided+Design+of+Integrated+Circuits+and+Systems","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1182658191","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61379040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G380041391","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u4efb\u52a1\u884c\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u5206\u6790\u7684\u70ed\u654f\u611f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61272131","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G664692711","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1608085QF12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7145187152","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK2012194","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1591178201","https://openalex.org/W1992286510","https://openalex.org/W2094756095","https://openalex.org/W2122221396","https://openalex.org/W2142801765","https://openalex.org/W2152839228","https://openalex.org/W2276486856","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W6674479107"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058965144","https://openalex.org/W2164382479","https://openalex.org/W2499279132","https://openalex.org/W271331623","https://openalex.org/W2076915000","https://openalex.org/W1974690493","https://openalex.org/W1967938402","https://openalex.org/W2386041993","https://openalex.org/W1608572506","https://openalex.org/W2160474882"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,18,21,29,32,54,61,92,105,121,128,141,146],"emerging":[2],"field":[3],"of":[4,20,31,45],"machine":[5],"learning,":[6],"deep":[7,46,70,83,115],"learning":[8,15,47,71,84,116],"shows":[9],"excellent":[10],"ability":[11],"in":[12,65],"solving":[13],"complex":[14],"problems.":[16],"However,":[17],"size":[19],"networks":[22,85],"becomes":[23],"increasingly":[24],"large":[25],"scale":[26],"due":[27],"to":[28,39,52,59,103,111,133,136,140],"demands":[30],"practical":[33],"applications,":[34],"which":[35,75],"poses":[36],"significant":[37],"challenge":[38],"construct":[40],"a":[41,77],"high":[42],"performance":[43,55],"implementations":[44],"neural":[48],"networks.":[49],"In":[50],"order":[51],"improve":[53,104],"as":[56,58,91],"well":[57],"maintain":[60],"low":[62],"power":[63,147],"cost,":[64],"this":[66],"paper":[67],"we":[68],"design":[69],"accelerator":[72,79,97,130],"unit":[73],"(DLAU),":[74],"is":[76,131],"scalable":[78],"architecture":[80],"for":[81,114],"large-scale":[82],"using":[86],"field-programmable":[87],"gate":[88],"array":[89],"(FPGA)":[90],"hardware":[93],"prototype.":[94],"The":[95],"DLAU":[96,129],"employs":[98],"three":[99],"pipelined":[100],"processing":[101],"units":[102],"throughput":[106],"and":[107],"utilizes":[108],"tile":[109],"techniques":[110],"explore":[112],"locality":[113],"applications.":[117],"Experimental":[118],"results":[119],"on":[120],"state-of-the-art":[122],"Xilinx":[123],"FPGA":[124],"board":[125],"demonstrate":[126],"that":[127],"able":[132],"achieve":[134],"up":[135],"36.1\u00d7":[137],"speedup":[138],"comparing":[139],"Intel":[142],"Core2":[143],"processors,":[144],"with":[145],"consumption":[148],"at":[149],"234":[150],"mW.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T01:25:22.217667","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}