{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1988698377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2015.2404895","title":"Fast Statistical Analysis of Rare Circuit Failure Events via Scaled-Sigma Sampling for High-Dimensional Variation Space","display_name":"Fast Statistical Analysis of Rare Circuit Failure Events via Scaled-Sigma Sampling for High-Dimensional Variation Space","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1988698377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2015.2404895","mag":"1988698377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2015.2404895","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2015.2404895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112215315","display_name":"Shupeng Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shupeng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100353869","display_name":"Xin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4510-2436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008877702","display_name":"Hongzhou Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9930-4535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66217453","display_name":"Cadence Design Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w8xa018","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66217453"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongzhou Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cadence Design Systems, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA","[Cadence Design Systems, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cadence Design Systems, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66217453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Cadence Design Systems, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66217453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067203794","display_name":"Kangsheng Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66217453","display_name":"Cadence Design Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w8xa018","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66217453"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kangsheng Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cadence Design Systems, Inc., Beijing, china"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cadence Design Systems, Inc., Beijing, china","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66217453"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045406482","display_name":"Ben Gu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66217453","display_name":"Cadence Design Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w8xa018","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66217453"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cadence Design Systems, Inc., Austin, TX, USA","Cadence Design Systems Inc., Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cadence Design Systems, Inc., Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66217453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cadence Design Systems Inc., Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66217453"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112215315"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6071,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96148199,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"7","first_page":"1096","last_page":"1109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rare-events","display_name":"Rare events","score":0.7026920318603516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sigma","display_name":"Sigma","score":0.6686273813247681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.5809734463691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/six-sigma","display_name":"Six Sigma","score":0.5638731122016907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.5378894209861755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.4569118916988373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.41220661997795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36033737659454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.354695200920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3545101284980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.34365445375442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3016383945941925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1772489845752716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrophysics","display_name":"Astrophysics","score":0.1532878279685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1057867705821991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.08409887552261353}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777317252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18393516","display_name":"Rare events","level":2,"score":0.7026920318603516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512234","display_name":"Sigma","level":2,"score":0.6686273813247681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.5809734463691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23119410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236908","display_name":"Six Sigma","level":3,"score":0.5638731122016907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.5378894209861755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.4569118916988373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.41220661997795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36033737659454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.354695200920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3545101284980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.34365445375442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3016383945941925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1772489845752716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.1532878279685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1057867705821991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08409887552261353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2015.2404895","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2015.2404895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.489.2598","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.489.2598","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://users.ece.cmu.edu/~xinli/papers/2013_ICCAD_sss.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3843116944","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF\u20131148778","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6457905954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF\u20131016890","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505220924","https://openalex.org/W1518236483","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1667165204","https://openalex.org/W1970248392","https://openalex.org/W1975331880","https://openalex.org/W1980147245","https://openalex.org/W1997140745","https://openalex.org/W2033246483","https://openalex.org/W2047446678","https://openalex.org/W2067378304","https://openalex.org/W2067967003","https://openalex.org/W2113613740","https://openalex.org/W2114810610","https://openalex.org/W2118749577","https://openalex.org/W2120353978","https://openalex.org/W2129905273","https://openalex.org/W2130282462","https://openalex.org/W2135560405","https://openalex.org/W2168101540","https://openalex.org/W2594639291","https://openalex.org/W3106889297","https://openalex.org/W3139804307","https://openalex.org/W3149402879","https://openalex.org/W3151880060","https://openalex.org/W4232939033","https://openalex.org/W4233014035","https://openalex.org/W4243073678","https://openalex.org/W4247460323","https://openalex.org/W6630193252","https://openalex.org/W6677720047"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010530423","https://openalex.org/W2376050517","https://openalex.org/W2526355781","https://openalex.org/W1601839798","https://openalex.org/W2012465829","https://openalex.org/W1819446","https://openalex.org/W2725982103","https://openalex.org/W594616480","https://openalex.org/W2018304657","https://openalex.org/W1964627399"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurately":[0],"estimating":[1],"the":[2,23,60,69,87,99,119,125,142,151,157,160],"rare":[3,100],"failure":[4,70,101],"rates":[5,102],"for":[6,58,103],"nanoscale":[7,138],"circuit":[8,134],"blocks":[9],"(e.g.,":[10],"static":[11],"random-access":[12],"memory,":[13],"D":[14],"flip-flop,":[15],"etc.)":[16],"is":[17,26,49,65,72,163],"a":[18,33,55,110,166],"challenging":[19],"task,":[20],"especially":[21],"when":[22,156],"variation":[24,161],"space":[25,162],"high-dimensional.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29,41],"paper,":[30],"we":[31,123],"propose":[32],"novel":[34],"scaled-sigma":[35],"sampling":[36,154],"(SSS)":[37],"method":[38,95,145],"to":[39,50],"address":[40],"technical":[42],"challenge.":[43],"The":[44],"key":[45],"idea":[46],"of":[47,89,113,121,128,159],"SSS":[48,94,129,144],"generate":[51],"random":[52,78],"samples":[53,79],"from":[54,75,86],"distorted":[56],"distribution":[57],"which":[59],"standard":[61],"deviation":[62],"(i.e.,":[63],"sigma)":[64],"scaled":[66,77],"up.":[67],"Next,":[68],"rate":[71],"accurately":[73],"estimated":[74],"these":[76],"by":[80],"using":[81],"an":[82],"analytical":[83],"model":[84],"derived":[85],"theorem":[88],"\u201csoft":[90],"maximum.\u201d":[91],"Our":[92],"proposed":[93,143],"can":[96],"simultaneously":[97],"estimate":[98,124],"multiple":[104],"performances":[105],"and/or":[106],"specifications":[107],"with":[108],"only":[109],"single":[111],"set":[112],"transistor-level":[114],"simulations.":[115],"To":[116],"quantitatively":[117],"assess":[118],"accuracy":[120,149],"SSS,":[122],"confidence":[126],"interval":[127],"based":[130],"on":[131],"bootstrap.":[132],"Several":[133],"examples":[135],"designed":[136],"in":[137],"technologies":[139],"demonstrate":[140],"that":[141],"achieves":[146],"significantly":[147],"better":[148],"than":[150,165],"traditional":[152],"importance":[153],"technique":[155],"dimensionality":[158],"more":[164],"few":[167],"hundred.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
