{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148830790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2015.2391254","title":"Evaluation of Hybrid Memory Technologies Using SOT-MRAM for On-Chip Cache Hierarchy","display_name":"Evaluation of Hybrid Memory Technologies Using SOT-MRAM for On-Chip Cache Hierarchy","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148830790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2015.2391254","mag":"2148830790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2015.2391254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2015.2391254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064797552","display_name":"Fabian Oboril","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2647-4824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fabian Oboril","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090692955","display_name":"Rajendra Bishnoi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0516-7112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajendra Bishnoi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110517906","display_name":"Mojtaba Ebrahimi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mojtaba Ebrahimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064445713","display_name":"Mehdi B. Tahoori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8829-5610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi B. Tahoori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064797552"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.1377,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":195,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9841184,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"3","first_page":"367","last_page":"380"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetoresistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","score":0.8809819221496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6946306824684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.6880912780761719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.5872664451599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cpu-cache","display_name":"CPU cache","score":0.4841676354408264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.46446579694747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-transfer-torque","display_name":"Spin-transfer torque","score":0.44591617584228516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4225553870201111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.39724472165107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3521791696548462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.34755849838256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access-memory","display_name":"Random access memory","score":0.24472540616989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.14826396107673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13980039954185486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.061173439025878906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46891859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061546","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.8809819221496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6946306824684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.6880912780761719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.5872664451599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189783530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352090","display_name":"CPU cache","level":3,"score":0.4841676354408264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.46446579694747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C609986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844840","display_name":"Spin-transfer torque","level":4,"score":0.44591617584228516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4225553870201111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.39724472165107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3521791696548462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.34755849838256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994168587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5295","display_name":"Random access memory","level":2,"score":0.24472540616989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.14826396107673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13980039954185486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.061173439025878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32546565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711","display_name":"Magnetization","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2015.2391254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2015.2391254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.719.8765","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.719.8765","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cdnc.itec.kit.edu/downloads/Papers/Oboril15TCAD.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482804539","https://openalex.org/W1518236483","https://openalex.org/W1686420892","https://openalex.org/W1969200114","https://openalex.org/W1972350236","https://openalex.org/W1975904133","https://openalex.org/W1980459528","https://openalex.org/W1983562124","https://openalex.org/W1986722376","https://openalex.org/W1987201308","https://openalex.org/W1994319933","https://openalex.org/W1996966785","https://openalex.org/W2002022853","https://openalex.org/W2006291936","https://openalex.org/W2008792512","https://openalex.org/W2010202670","https://openalex.org/W2010216838","https://openalex.org/W2014744284","https://openalex.org/W2020398077","https://openalex.org/W2037861334","https://openalex.org/W2037904537","https://openalex.org/W2040579068","https://openalex.org/W2044206819","https://openalex.org/W2054168857","https://openalex.org/W2057386187","https://openalex.org/W2069012355","https://openalex.org/W2072397237","https://openalex.org/W2084007230","https://openalex.org/W2086077121","https://openalex.org/W2093942696","https://openalex.org/W2094446102","https://openalex.org/W2101219632","https://openalex.org/W2104500100","https://openalex.org/W2109272991","https://openalex.org/W2109879402","https://openalex.org/W2111349121","https://openalex.org/W2112388836","https://openalex.org/W2114512042","https://openalex.org/W2115194678","https://openalex.org/W2118870365","https://openalex.org/W2125305364","https://openalex.org/W2132550088","https://openalex.org/W2135393827","https://openalex.org/W2138815251","https://openalex.org/W2148831941","https://openalex.org/W2150047813","https://openalex.org/W2157587823","https://openalex.org/W2157808188","https://openalex.org/W2160539281","https://openalex.org/W2160796815","https://openalex.org/W2171779727","https://openalex.org/W2341275299","https://openalex.org/W2543205889","https://openalex.org/W2844024981","https://openalex.org/W3101234092","https://openalex.org/W3143577886","https://openalex.org/W3144904247","https://openalex.org/W3150611138","https://openalex.org/W3152241699","https://openalex.org/W4229741704","https://openalex.org/W4232837724","https://openalex.org/W4244242927","https://openalex.org/W6628817683","https://openalex.org/W6637151178","https://openalex.org/W6650740685","https://openalex.org/W6652054801","https://openalex.org/W6652624784","https://openalex.org/W6652940909","https://openalex.org/W6704284418"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388285079","https://openalex.org/W2546997659","https://openalex.org/W2733919783","https://openalex.org/W2425808153","https://openalex.org/W4281561022","https://openalex.org/W2404332818","https://openalex.org/W2626022094","https://openalex.org/W2188761345","https://openalex.org/W60430064","https://openalex.org/W2034593071"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Magnetic":[0],"Random":[1],"Access":[2],"Memory":[3],"(MRAM)":[4],"is":[5,31,51,160],"a":[6,85,98,122,173,185],"very":[7,86],"promising":[8],"emerging":[9],"memory":[10,115],"technology":[11,176],"because":[12],"of":[13,42,56,62,89,101,124,158,166,179],"its":[14,43,57],"various":[15],"advantages":[16,181],"such":[17],"as":[18,34],"nonvolatility,":[19],"high":[20],"density":[21],"and":[22,64,73,103,107,133],"scalability.":[23],"In":[24,80],"particular,":[25],"Spin":[26,45],"Orbit":[27],"Torque":[28,47],"(SOT)":[29],"MRAM":[30],"gaining":[32],"interest":[33],"it":[35],"comes":[36],"along":[37],"with":[38,112],"all":[39],"the":[40,60,93,109,127,131,137,143,154,164],"benefits":[41],"predecessor":[44],"Transfer":[46],"(STT)":[48],"MRAM,":[49],"but":[50],"supposed":[52],"to":[53,78,149],"eliminate":[54],"some":[55],"shortcomings.":[58],"Especially":[59],"split":[61],"read":[63],"write":[65],"paths":[66],"in":[67,170],"SOT-MRAM":[68,90,111,129,159,184],"promises":[69],"faster":[70],"access":[71],"times":[72],"lower":[74],"energy":[75,104,138],"consumption":[76,139],"compared":[77,148],"STT-MRAM.":[79],"this":[81],"paper,":[82],"we":[83],"provide":[84],"detailed":[87,99],"analysis":[88,119],"at":[91],"both":[92],"circuit-and":[94],"architecture-level.":[95],"We":[96],"present":[97],"evaluation":[100],"performance":[102,144],"related":[105],"parameters":[106],"compare":[108],"novel":[110],"several":[113],"other":[114],"technologies.":[116],"Our":[117],"architecture-level":[118],"shows":[120],"that":[121],"hybrid-combination":[123],"SRAM":[125],"for":[126,130,172,188],"L1-Data-cache,":[128],"L1-Instruction-cache":[132],"L2-cache":[134],"can":[135],"reduce":[136],"by":[140,146],"60%":[141],"while":[142],"increases":[145],"1%":[147],"an":[150],"SRAM-only":[151],"configuration.":[152],"Moreover,":[153],"retention":[155],"failure":[156],"probability":[157,165],"27\u00d7":[161],"smaller":[162],"than":[163],"radiation-induced":[167],"Soft":[168],"Errors":[169],"SRAM,":[171],"65":[174],"nm":[175],"node.":[177],"All":[178],"these":[180],"together":[182],"make":[183],"viable":[186],"choice":[187],"microprocessor":[189],"caches.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
