{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2089175652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2013.2285275","title":"Obstacle-Avoiding Free-Assignment Routing for Flip-Chip Designs","display_name":"Obstacle-Avoiding Free-Assignment Routing for Flip-Chip Designs","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2089175652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2013.2285275","mag":"2089175652"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2013.2285275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2013.2285275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006808751","display_name":"Yuan-Kai Ho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuan-Kai Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan","Grad. Inst. of Electron. Eng., Nat. Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grad. Inst. of Electron. Eng., Nat. Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009278096","display_name":"Hsu-Chieh Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsu-Chieh Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","Google Inc., Mountain View, CA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010096388","display_name":"Webber Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Webber Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, , USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018371636","display_name":"Yao\u2010Wen Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-5719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086894","display_name":"Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/000zgvm20","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086894","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao-Wen Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academia Sinica, Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Taipei, Taiwan","Dept. of Electr. Eng.. Nat. Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academia Sinica, Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086894"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng.. Nat. Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002125419","display_name":"Chen-Feng Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen-Feng Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["AtopTech, Inc., Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AtopTech, Inc., Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043693286","display_name":"I-Jye Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335490905","display_name":"Synopsys (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb54f81","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335490905","https://openalex.org/I4210088951"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I-Jye Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Synopsys, Inc., Taipei, Taiwan","Synopsys Inc., Taipei, Taiwan#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Synopsys, Inc., Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Synopsys Inc., Taipei, Taiwan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335490905"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018512095","display_name":"Chin-Fang Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335490905","display_name":"Synopsys (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb54f81","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335490905","https://openalex.org/I4210088951"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chin-Fang Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Synopsys, Inc., Taipei, Taiwan","Synopsys Inc., Taipei, Taiwan#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Synopsys, Inc., Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Synopsys Inc., Taipei, Taiwan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335490905"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006808751"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2093,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60802207,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"2","first_page":"224","last_page":"236"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11527","display_name":"3D IC and TSV technologies","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.6659621596336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5767663717269897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-routing","display_name":"Multipath routing","score":0.5439406037330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-routing","display_name":"Static routing","score":0.5370224118232727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5242069959640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equal-cost-multi-path-routing","display_name":"Equal-cost multi-path routing","score":0.5020270347595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flip-chip","display_name":"Flip chip","score":0.44494983553886414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-table","display_name":"Routing table","score":0.41610392928123474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.35527998208999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.23068273067474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.13304844498634338}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.6659621596336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5767663717269897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76522221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035396","display_name":"Multipath routing","level":5,"score":0.5439406037330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.5370224118232727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5242069959640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115443555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5367790","display_name":"Equal-cost multi-path routing","level":5,"score":0.5020270347595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79072407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432439","display_name":"Flip chip","level":4,"score":0.44494983553886414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184896649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290066","display_name":"Routing table","level":4,"score":0.41610392928123474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.35527998208999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.23068273067474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.13304844498634338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68928338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131790","display_name":"Adhesive","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2013.2285275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2013.2285275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321041","display_name":"Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/05bxb3784"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322589","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482882990","https://openalex.org/W1977545325","https://openalex.org/W1979159412","https://openalex.org/W1985647466","https://openalex.org/W1997205369","https://openalex.org/W2026034687","https://openalex.org/W2081230356","https://openalex.org/W2094923634","https://openalex.org/W2113046208","https://openalex.org/W2133118089","https://openalex.org/W2138421468","https://openalex.org/W2143764757","https://openalex.org/W2147776496","https://openalex.org/W2150368068","https://openalex.org/W4372046852","https://openalex.org/W6679909840"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2181601090","https://openalex.org/W3127002380","https://openalex.org/W2068473861","https://openalex.org/W2347665962","https://openalex.org/W757657516","https://openalex.org/W2351878639","https://openalex.org/W2539097916","https://openalex.org/W2351097701","https://openalex.org/W2162880363","https://openalex.org/W2136173851"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,152],"flip-chip":[1,26,77],"packaging":[2],"is":[3,18,150,175],"introduced":[4],"for":[5,24,35,40,49,52,206,219],"modern":[6,25],"IC":[7,54],"designs":[8],"with":[9,133,192,223],"higher":[10],"integration":[11],"density":[12],"and":[13,47,164],"larger":[14],"I/O":[15],"counts.":[16],"It":[17],"necessary":[19],"to":[20,73,177,181,187],"consider":[21,61],"routing":[22,78,85,110,145,149,154,157,167,218],"obstacles":[23,30],"designs,":[27],"where":[28],"the":[29,70,75,83,91,105,120,127,160,165,169,183,210,213],"could":[31],"be":[32],"regions":[33],"blocked":[34],"signal":[36],"integrity":[37],"protection":[38],"(especially":[39],"analog/mixed-signal":[41],"modules),":[42],"prerouted":[43],"or":[44],"power/ground":[45],"nets,":[46],"even":[48,132],"through-silicon":[50],"vias":[51],"3-D":[53],"designs.":[55],"However,":[56],"no":[57,98],"existing":[58,88,99],"published":[59],"works":[60,89],"obstacles.":[62,81,116,134,224],"To":[63],"remedy":[64],"this":[65,67,137],"insufficiency,":[66],"paper":[68,118],"presents":[69,119],"first":[71,121],"work":[72,122,215],"solve":[74],"free-assignment":[76,84],"problem":[79,184],"considering":[80],"For":[82],"problem,":[86],"most":[87],"apply":[90],"network-flow":[92,100],"formulation.":[93],"Nevertheless,":[94],"we":[95],"observe":[96],"that":[97,123,199],"model":[101,126,191],"can":[102,124,202],"exactly":[103],"capture":[104],"routability":[106,128,205],"of":[107,115,129,143,212],"a":[108,130,140,156,188],"local":[109],"region":[111],"(tile)":[112],"in":[113],"presence":[114],"This":[117],"precisely":[125],"tile,":[131],"Based":[135],"on":[136],"new":[138],"model,":[139],"two-stage":[141],"approach":[142],"global":[144,153],"followed":[146],"by":[147,159],"detailed":[148,166],"proposed.":[151],"computes":[155],"topology":[158],"minimum-cost":[161],"maximum-flow":[162],"algorithm,":[163],"determines":[168],"precise":[170],"wire":[171],"positions.":[172],"Dynamic":[173],"programming":[174],"applied":[176],"further":[178],"merge":[179],"tiles":[180],"reduce":[182],"size.":[185],"Compared":[186],"state-of-the-art":[189],"flow":[190],"obstacle":[193],"handling":[194],"extensions,":[195],"experimental":[196],"results":[197],"show":[198],"our":[200],"algorithm":[201],"achieve":[203],"100%":[204],"all":[207],"circuits":[208],"while":[209],"extensions":[211],"previous":[214],"cannot":[216],"complete":[217],"any":[220],"benchmark":[221],"circuit":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}