{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124470785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2026.3654205","title":"Mitigating Priority Inversion in Non-Preemptive Rigid Gang Scheduling Beyond Work-Conserving","display_name":"Mitigating Priority Inversion in Non-Preemptive Rigid Gang Scheduling Beyond Work-Conserving","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124470785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2026.3654205"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2026.3654205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2026.3654205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088266767","display_name":"Yonghui Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6748-6429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghui Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6748-6429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123242532","display_name":"Hui Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5275-6700","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023426901","display_name":"Qimin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9678-6295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qimin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9678-6295","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Fei Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8534-3421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Wireless Sensor Network and Communications, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8534-3421","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Wireless Sensor Network and Communications, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007013035","display_name":"Shanying Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-4519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanying Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-4519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123237401","display_name":"Xinping Guan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinping Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1858-8538","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04155214,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"4","first_page":"1459","last_page":"1472"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.855400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.855400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.06629999727010727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.03620000183582306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/priority-inversion","display_name":"Priority inversion","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6308000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/worst-case-execution-time","display_name":"Worst-case execution time","score":0.5340999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictability","display_name":"Predictability","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earliest-deadline-first-scheduling","display_name":"Earliest deadline first scheduling","score":0.460099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-priority-scheduling","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","score":0.43689998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/execution-time","display_name":"Execution time","score":0.42730000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/priority-inheritance","display_name":"Priority inheritance","score":0.41929998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-monotonic-scheduling","display_name":"Rate-monotonic scheduling","score":0.414000004529953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172828308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520734","display_name":"Priority inversion","level":5,"score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6308000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200130814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362858","display_name":"Worst-case execution time","level":3,"score":0.5340999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32310161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666365","display_name":"Earliest deadline first scheduling","level":5,"score":0.460099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107568181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5319000","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","level":3,"score":0.43689998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989134064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288510","display_name":"Execution time","level":2,"score":0.42730000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63160601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253831","display_name":"Priority inheritance","level":5,"score":0.41929998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127456818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q238879","display_name":"Rate-monotonic scheduling","level":4,"score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122141398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5456330","display_name":"Fixed-priority pre-emptive scheduling","level":5,"score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117420606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386027","display_name":"Priority ceiling protocol","level":5,"score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76774629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1146103","display_name":"Deadline-monotonic scheduling","level":5,"score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201515029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5520966","display_name":"Gang scheduling","level":5,"score":0.37389999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85924588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107419135","display_name":"Multiprocessor scheduling","level":5,"score":0.35510000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984822820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123036","display_name":"Processor scheduling","level":3,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31689143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q733809","display_name":"Fair-share scheduling","level":3,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55416958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206757","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","level":3,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206952183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193100","display_name":"Preemption","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53833338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061424","display_name":"Context switch","level":2,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84945661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7366567","display_name":"Root cause","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119948110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7858726","display_name":"Two-level scheduling","level":4,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2026.3654205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2026.3654205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.48271989822387695,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1060229509","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62503327","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1946536485","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62432009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5417780894","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1825357451","https://openalex.org/W2018115912","https://openalex.org/W2029804882","https://openalex.org/W2043803173","https://openalex.org/W2056227251","https://openalex.org/W2063957224","https://openalex.org/W2096089864","https://openalex.org/W2106843513","https://openalex.org/W2130181800","https://openalex.org/W2132215926","https://openalex.org/W2142122489","https://openalex.org/W2148825846","https://openalex.org/W2785863796","https://openalex.org/W2798786289","https://openalex.org/W2811266402","https://openalex.org/W2918551194","https://openalex.org/W2918767726","https://openalex.org/W3004911497","https://openalex.org/W3014624426","https://openalex.org/W3114999473","https://openalex.org/W3161049446","https://openalex.org/W3161357149","https://openalex.org/W4249030813","https://openalex.org/W4311349856","https://openalex.org/W4312198965","https://openalex.org/W4312198985","https://openalex.org/W4312199004","https://openalex.org/W4313214534","https://openalex.org/W4381886068","https://openalex.org/W4386193340","https://openalex.org/W4391583841","https://openalex.org/W4392739243","https://openalex.org/W4392971993","https://openalex.org/W4394586121","https://openalex.org/W4415594048","https://openalex.org/W7092292001"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rigid":[0],"gang":[1,28,32],"scheduling,":[2,29],"which":[3,80],"enables":[4],"multiple":[5,57,148],"threads":[6],"of":[7,17,92,98,135],"real-time":[8],"tasks":[9,51,81],"to":[10,25,47,60,187,204],"execute":[11],"concurrently":[12],"on":[13,104],"a":[14,54,117,136,164],"fixed":[15],"number":[16],"different":[18],"processors,":[19],"has":[20],"recently":[21],"gained":[22],"attention.":[23],"Compared":[24],"preemptive":[26],"rigid":[27,31],"non-preemptive":[30],"(NPRG)":[33],"scheduling":[34,44,109,159],"improves":[35],"predictability":[36],"by":[37],"requiring":[38],"fewer":[39],"context":[40],"switches.":[41],"However,":[42],"NPRG":[43,108,158],"is":[45,74],"vulnerable":[46],"2D-blocking,":[48],"where":[49],"lower-priority":[50,125],"can":[52],"block":[53],"higher-priority":[55,137],"task":[56,190,207],"times,":[58],"leading":[59],"severe":[61],"priority":[62,93,167,183],"inversion":[63],"at":[64,195],"runtime":[65],"and":[66,94,110,162],"pessimism":[67],"in":[68,79,139,212],"schedulability":[69,155,200],"analysis.":[70],"The":[71],"root":[72],"cause":[73],"the":[75,86,95,105,112,132,140,153,193,210],"work-conserving":[76],"execution":[77,129],"behavior,":[78],"are":[82,89],"immediately":[83],"executed":[84],"whenever":[85,127],"required":[87],"processors":[88],"idle,":[90],"regardless":[91],"potential":[96],"blocking":[97],"subsequent":[99],"tasks.":[100],"This":[101,143],"paper":[102],"focuses":[103],"global":[106],"fixed-priority":[107],"introduces":[111],"NPRG-SS":[113,115,178],"scheduler.":[114],"leverages":[116],"selective":[118],"stalling":[119],"(SS)":[120],"mechanism":[121],"that":[122,177],"selectively":[123],"stalls":[124],"jobs":[126],"their":[128],"could":[130],"delay":[131],"start":[133],"time":[134],"job":[138],"ready":[141],"queue.":[142],"non-work-conserving":[144],"approach":[145],"inherently":[146],"mitigates":[147,182],"blocking.":[149],"Additionally,":[150],"we":[151],"present":[152],"first":[154],"analysis":[156],"for":[157],"with":[160,179],"SS":[161],"propose":[163],"novel":[165],"heuristic":[166],"assignment":[168],"technique,":[169],"Iterative":[170],"Priority":[171],"Refinement":[172],"(IPR).":[173],"Experimental":[174],"results":[175],"show":[176],"IPR":[180],"effectively":[181],"inversion,":[184],"accepts":[185,202],"up":[186,203],"42%":[188],"more":[189,206],"sets":[191,208],"than":[192,209],"baselines":[194,211],"runtime,":[196],"while":[197],"our":[198],"proposed":[199],"test":[201],"80%":[205],"worst-case":[213],"scenarios.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T20:47:17.329874","created_date":"2026-01-17T00:00:00"}
