{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416286416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2025.3625161","title":"FIITED: Fine-Grained Embedding Dimension Optimization During Training for Recommender Systems","display_name":"FIITED: Fine-Grained Embedding Dimension Optimization During Training for Recommender Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416286416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2025.3625161"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2025.3625161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2025.3625161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026252669","display_name":"Qinyi Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qinyi Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta, Menlo Park, CA, USA","University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019792492","display_name":"Penghan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3993-721X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Penghan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100441640","display_name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4700-2658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800240351","display_name":"Mountain View College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fh8an03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291072267","https://openalex.org/I2800240351"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta, Menlo Park, CA, USA","Coupang, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coupang, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800240351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100927912","display_name":"Fan Lai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta, Menlo Park, CA, USA","University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113850408","display_name":"Jiachen Mao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiachen Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta, Menlo Park, CA, USA","Meta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101806339","display_name":"Xiaohan Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9997-0469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohan Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta, Menlo Park, CA, USA","Meta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058280436","display_name":"Jun Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4718-9835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta, Menlo Park, CA, USA","Amazon, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103419971","display_name":"Wei-Yu Tsai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Yu Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta, Menlo Park, CA, USA","ByteDance, San Jose, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083620864","display_name":"Shuai Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8279-2499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta, Menlo Park, CA, USA","Meta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101187746","display_name":"Yuxi Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxi Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta, Menlo Park, CA, USA","Meta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047215143","display_name":"Xuehai Qian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuehai Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026252669"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48311793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"2","first_page":"448","last_page":"461"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.8561000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.8561000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.015200000256299973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.011800000444054604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.9114000201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pruning","display_name":"Pruning","score":0.7148000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.6847000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6417999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-footprint","display_name":"Memory footprint","score":0.558899998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.5252000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.5149000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.41449999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.9114000201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7864999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.7148000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.6847000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6417999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74912251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815727","display_name":"Memory footprint","level":2,"score":0.558899998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5252000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.5149000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4449000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.41449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67388219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207440","display_name":"Hash table","level":3,"score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.364300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34470000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133667856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5439682","display_name":"Feature hashing","level":5,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778915421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3643177","display_name":"Performance improvement","level":2,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781357197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5757597","display_name":"High memory","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2025.3625161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2025.3625161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076618162","https://openalex.org/W2723293840","https://openalex.org/W2898085636","https://openalex.org/W2969388332","https://openalex.org/W3032044946","https://openalex.org/W3034552531","https://openalex.org/W3081168214","https://openalex.org/W3081362488","https://openalex.org/W3088463703","https://openalex.org/W3153887672","https://openalex.org/W3154430477","https://openalex.org/W3166439894","https://openalex.org/W3187188899","https://openalex.org/W3197870239","https://openalex.org/W3210344344","https://openalex.org/W4214658871","https://openalex.org/W4226012237","https://openalex.org/W4226150639","https://openalex.org/W4226328099","https://openalex.org/W4226453472","https://openalex.org/W4293210201","https://openalex.org/W4296591840","https://openalex.org/W4318623169","https://openalex.org/W4380881110","https://openalex.org/W4394998875","https://openalex.org/W4405756379"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Huge":[0],"embedding":[1,42,56,77,102,127,140,161],"tables":[2,162],"in":[3,73,176],"modern":[4],"deep":[5],"learning":[6],"recommender":[7],"models":[8,115],"(DLRM)":[9],"require":[10],"prohibitively":[11],"large":[12],"memory":[13,28],"during":[14,58,96],"training":[15],"and":[16,82,93,116,143],"inference.":[17],"This":[18],"paper":[19],"proposes":[20],"FIITED,":[21],"a":[22],"system":[23,104],"to":[24,64,70,150,165,173,180],"automatically":[25],"reduce":[26,125,157],"the":[27,38,51,145,158],"footprint":[29],"via":[30],"FIne-grained":[31],"In-Training":[32],"Embedding":[33],"Dimension":[34],"pruning.":[35],"By":[36],"leveraging":[37],"key":[39],"insight":[40],"that":[41,122],"vectors":[43],"are":[44],"not":[45],"equally":[46],"important,":[47],"FIITED":[48,123,155],"adaptively":[49],"adjusts":[50],"dimension":[52],"of":[53,91,118,160],"each":[54],"individual":[55],"vector":[57],"model":[59,97,135,184],"training,":[60,98],"assigning":[61],"larger":[62],"dimensions":[63,78,95],"more":[65,85,130],"important":[66],"embeddings":[67,92],"while":[68,133,182],"adapting":[69],"dynamic":[71],"changes":[72],"data.":[74],"We":[75],"prioritize":[76],"with":[79,167],"higher":[80],"frequencies":[81],"gradients":[83],"as":[84],"important.":[86],"To":[87],"enable":[88],"efficient":[89],"pruning":[90,141],"their":[94],"we":[99],"propose":[100],"an":[101],"storage":[103],"based":[105],"on":[106,112],"virtually-hashed":[107],"physically-indexed":[108],"hash":[109],"tables.":[110],"Experiments":[111],"two":[113],"industry":[114],"months":[117],"realistic":[119],"datasets":[120],"show":[121],"can":[124,156],"DLRM":[126],"size":[128,159],"by":[129,148,163],"than":[131],"65\u2019":[132],"preserving":[134],"quality,":[136],"outperforming":[137],"state-of-the-art":[138],"in-training":[139],"methods":[142],"increasing":[144],"reduction":[146,177],"ratio":[147,178],"1.3\u00d7":[149],"1.67\u00d7.":[151],"On":[152],"public":[153],"datasets,":[154],"2.2\u00d7":[164],"800\u00d7":[166],"negligible":[168],"accuracy":[169],"drop,":[170],"achieving":[171],"1.05\u00d7":[172],"12.5\u00d7":[174],"improvement":[175],"compared":[179],"baselines":[181],"improving":[183],"throughput.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-11-17T00:00:00"}
