{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407361734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2025.3541143","title":"A Low-Rate DoS Attack Mitigation Scheme Based on Port and Traffic State in SDN","display_name":"A Low-Rate DoS Attack Mitigation Scheme Based on Port and Traffic State in SDN","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407361734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2025.3541143"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2025.3541143","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2025.3541143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100712290","display_name":"Dan Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0062-0213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering (CSEE), Hunan University (HNU), Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering (CSEE), Hunan University (HNU), Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rui Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1974-4731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering (CSEE), Hunan University (HNU), Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering (CSEE), Hunan University (HNU), Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chenguang Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6133-6733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenguang Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering (CSEE), Hunan University (HNU), Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering (CSEE), Hunan University (HNU), Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jingwen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7275-9273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingwen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering (CSEE), Hunan University (HNU), Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering (CSEE), Hunan University (HNU), Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087894632","display_name":"Keqin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5224-4048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157455823","display_name":"SUNY New Paltz","ror":"https://ror.org/03j3dv688","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keqin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, State University of New York, New Paltz, NY, USA","Department of Computer Science, State University of New York, New York, New Paltz, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, State University of New York, New Paltz, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, State University of New York, New York, New Paltz, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035491991","display_name":"Zheng Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0877-3887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering (CSEE), Hunan University (HNU), Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering (CSEE), Hunan University (HNU), Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100712290"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":53.945,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99923243,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"5","first_page":"1758","last_page":"1770"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9714000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6550464630126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5453341603279114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5373031497001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/port","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","score":0.4809788465499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.448030024766922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1909213364124298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.1844465434551239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12278839945793152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.112938791513443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6550464630126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5453341603279114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5373031497001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32802771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443617","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","level":2,"score":0.4809788465499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.448030024766922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1909213364124298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.1844465434551239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12278839945793152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.112938791513443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2025.3541143","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2025.3541143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3797785422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62472153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035536878","https://openalex.org/W2107527523","https://openalex.org/W2110722699","https://openalex.org/W2118404561","https://openalex.org/W2125560635","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2508641173","https://openalex.org/W2790808644","https://openalex.org/W2913774990","https://openalex.org/W2966342255","https://openalex.org/W2992017379","https://openalex.org/W3088913511","https://openalex.org/W3192882631","https://openalex.org/W3203260681","https://openalex.org/W3214071552","https://openalex.org/W3215657732","https://openalex.org/W4285149515","https://openalex.org/W4285305737","https://openalex.org/W4290714064","https://openalex.org/W4293182269","https://openalex.org/W4294811443","https://openalex.org/W4365790450","https://openalex.org/W4389914878","https://openalex.org/W4390523643","https://openalex.org/W4390571282","https://openalex.org/W4391068874","https://openalex.org/W4391594033","https://openalex.org/W4399245577","https://openalex.org/W4399469714","https://openalex.org/W4402265182","https://openalex.org/W4402288728","https://openalex.org/W4403977280","https://openalex.org/W4404293760","https://openalex.org/W4404884150","https://openalex.org/W4405800338"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2753223082","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-rate":[0],"Denial":[1],"of":[2,23,89,105],"Service":[3],"(DoS)":[4],"attacks":[5,94],"can":[6,172],"significantly":[7],"compromise":[8],"network":[9,38],"availability":[10],"and":[11,16,69,156,174,185],"are":[12],"difficult":[13],"to":[14,19,80,126,135,140,163,182],"detect":[15,176],"mitigate":[17,183],"due":[18],"their":[20],"stealthy":[21],"exploitation":[22],"flaws":[24],"in":[25,72],"congestion":[26],"control":[27,39],"mechanisms.":[28],"Software-Defined":[29],"Networking":[30],"(SDN)":[31],"is":[32,114],"a":[33,45,60,77,112,160],"revolutionary":[34],"architecture":[35],"that":[36,170],"decouples":[37],"from":[40,91,118],"packet":[41],"forwarding,":[42],"emerging":[43],"as":[44,116],"promising":[46],"solution":[47],"for":[48],"defending":[49],"against":[50],"low-rate":[51,61,92,177],"DoS":[52,62,93,178],"attacks.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"paper,":[56],"we":[57,75],"propose":[58],"Trident,":[59],"attack":[63],"mitigation":[64],"scheme":[65],"based":[66],"on":[67,152],"port":[68,96,109],"traffic":[70,103],"state":[71,97,104],"SDN.":[73],"Specifically,":[74],"design":[76],"multi-step":[78],"strategy":[79],"monitor":[81],"switch":[82,113],"states.":[83,110],"First,":[84],"Trident":[85,121,132,151,171],"identifies":[86],"switches":[87,106],"suspected":[88],"suffering":[90,117],"through":[95],"detection.":[98],"Then,":[99],"it":[100],"monitors":[101],"the":[102,123,128,136,142,147,153],"with":[107],"abnormal":[108],"Once":[111],"identified":[115],"an":[119],"attack,":[120],"analyzes":[122],"flow":[124,138],"information":[125],"pinpoint":[127],"malicious":[129,143],"flow.":[130],"Finally,":[131],"issues":[133],"rules":[134],"switch's":[137],"table":[139],"block":[141],"flow,":[144],"effectively":[145],"mitigating":[146],"attack.":[148],"We":[149],"prototype":[150],"Mininet":[154],"platform":[155],"conduct":[157],"experiments":[158,168],"using":[159],"real-world":[161],"topology":[162],"evaluate":[164],"its":[165],"performance.":[166],"The":[167],"show":[169],"accurately":[173],"robustly":[175],"attacks,":[179],"respond":[180],"quickly":[181],"them,":[184],"maintain":[186],"low":[187],"overhead.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}