{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404482212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2024.3500382","title":"Improving Efficiency in Multi-Modal Autonomous Embedded Systems Through Adaptive\u00a0Gating","display_name":"Improving Efficiency in Multi-Modal Autonomous Embedded Systems Through Adaptive\u00a0Gating","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404482212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2024.3500382"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2024.3500382","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2024.3500382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaofeng Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4372-7851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Department of Computer Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4372-7851","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Cheng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-3558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Department of Computer Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-3558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100323095","display_name":"Chao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6218-4659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Department of Computer Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6218-4659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100656307","display_name":"Jiacheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0378-2311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiacheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Department of Computer Science and EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0378-2311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030492908","display_name":"Xuehan Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4106-2759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuehan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Department of Computer Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4106-2759","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077687075","display_name":"Kwang\u2010Ting Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3885-4912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwang-Ting Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","Department of Computer Science and EngineeringHong Kong University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3885-4912","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and EngineeringHong Kong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039318240","display_name":"Minyi Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-2302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minyi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Department of Computer Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-2302","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9992,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80017376,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"2","first_page":"691","last_page":"704"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.5523999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.5523999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14011","display_name":"Elevator Systems and Control","score":0.5181999802589417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.680009126663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.5365355610847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gating","display_name":"Gating","score":0.5135750770568848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-gating","display_name":"Power gating","score":0.4465658962726593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.32817381620407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1346999704837799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.13465562462806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12675446271896362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12275385856628418}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.680009126663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.5365355610847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194544171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21105679","display_name":"Gating","level":2,"score":0.5135750770568848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780700455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236515","display_name":"Power gating","level":4,"score":0.4465658962726593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32817381620407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1346999704837799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.13465562462806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12675446271896362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12275385856628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2024.3500382","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2024.3500382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-164836","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-164836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G251012422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62122053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1855267619","https://openalex.org/W1996098051","https://openalex.org/W2029562742","https://openalex.org/W2116175063","https://openalex.org/W2157857466","https://openalex.org/W2191779130","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2463955103","https://openalex.org/W2487018225","https://openalex.org/W2613989746","https://openalex.org/W2742822919","https://openalex.org/W2806033730","https://openalex.org/W2883920103","https://openalex.org/W2886851211","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2940862705","https://openalex.org/W2945969444","https://openalex.org/W2962931510","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2964010806","https://openalex.org/W2964346351","https://openalex.org/W2970445595","https://openalex.org/W2981124343","https://openalex.org/W2982479999","https://openalex.org/W2985076077","https://openalex.org/W3022053993","https://openalex.org/W3092581393","https://openalex.org/W3092601938","https://openalex.org/W3101263752","https://openalex.org/W3103415979","https://openalex.org/W3129568573","https://openalex.org/W3146281720","https://openalex.org/W3160264863","https://openalex.org/W3174119208","https://openalex.org/W4205270231","https://openalex.org/W4243519499","https://openalex.org/W4254672563","https://openalex.org/W4280509186","https://openalex.org/W4282822392","https://openalex.org/W4308083849","https://openalex.org/W4313123335","https://openalex.org/W4380874622","https://openalex.org/W4386106400","https://openalex.org/W4387951092","https://openalex.org/W6687566353","https://openalex.org/W6733328719","https://openalex.org/W6771465236"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2138099459","https://openalex.org/W2031449089","https://openalex.org/W2112596406","https://openalex.org/W2125499229","https://openalex.org/W2259094912","https://openalex.org/W1987649265","https://openalex.org/W2371329481"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,121,173],"parallel":[1],"advancement":[2],"of":[3,13,28,58,68,83,124,135,219,238],"AI":[4],"and":[5,37,39,62,168,234,254],"IoT":[6],"technologies":[7],"has":[8],"recently":[9],"boosted":[10],"the":[11,56,66,81,132,164,181,187,205,217,236,246],"development":[12],"multi-modal":[14],"computing":[15,188],"(<inline-formula><tex-math":[16],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$M^{2}C$</tex-math></inline-formula>)":[17],"on":[18,96,178,186,204],"pervasive":[19],"autonomous":[20],"embedded":[21,98],"systems":[22,74],"(AES).":[23],"<inline-formula><tex-math":[24,94,118,136],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$M^{2}C$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[25,95,119],"takes":[26],"advantage":[27],"data":[29,177,185],"from":[30],"different":[31,194],"modalities":[32],"such":[33],"as":[34],"images,":[35],"audio,":[36],"text":[38],"is":[40,126,208],"able":[41],"to":[42,77,127,225,242],"achieve":[43,139],"notable":[44],"improvements":[45],"in":[46,72,92],"accuracy.":[47],"However,":[48],"achieving":[49],"these":[50,73,88],"accuracy":[51,133],"gains":[52],"often":[53],"comes":[54],"at":[55],"cost":[57],"increased":[59],"computational":[60],"complexity":[61],"energy":[63,102,129,248],"consumption.":[64],"Furthermore,":[65],"presence":[67],"numerous":[69],"advanced":[70],"sensors":[71,179],"significantly":[75],"contributes":[76],"power":[78,85,159,231],"consumption,":[79],"exacerbating":[80],"issue":[82],"limited":[84],"resources.":[86,103],"Collectively,":[87],"challenges":[89],"pose":[90],"difficulties":[91],"deploying":[93],"small":[97],"devices":[99],"with":[100],"scarce":[101],"In":[104],"this":[105,140],"article,":[106],"we":[107,162],"propose":[108],"an":[109],"<b>A</b>daptive":[110],"<b>M</b>odality":[111],"<b>G</b>ating":[112],"technique":[113],"called":[114],"<i>AMG</i>":[115,125,142,166,170],"for":[116,193],"in-situ":[117],"applications.":[120],"primary":[122],"objective":[123],"conserve":[128],"while":[130,180,250],"preserving":[131],"advantages":[134],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$M^{2}C$</tex-math></inline-formula>.":[137],"To":[138],"goal,":[141],"incorporates":[143],"two":[144],"first-of-its-kind":[145],"designs.":[146],"Firstly,":[147],"it":[148,199],"introduces":[149],"a":[150,201,223],"novel":[151],"semi-gating":[152],"architecture":[153],"that":[154],"enables":[155],"partial":[156],"modality":[157],"sensor":[158],"gating.":[160],"Specifically,":[161],"devise":[163],"de-centralized":[165],"(<i>D-AMG</i>)":[167],"centralized":[169],"(<i>C-AMG</i>)":[171],"architecture.":[172],"former":[174],"buffers":[175,183],"raw":[176,184],"latter":[182],"board,":[189],"which":[190,207],"are":[191],"suitable":[192],"edge":[195],"scenarios":[196],"respectively.":[197],"Secondly,":[198],"facilitates":[200],"self-initialization/tuning":[202],"process":[203],"AES,":[206],"supported":[209],"by":[210,240],"carefully-built":[211],"analytical":[212],"model.":[213],"Extensive":[214],"evaluations":[215],"demonstrate":[216],"effectiveness":[218],"<i>AMG</i>.":[220],"It":[221],"achieves":[222],"1.6x":[224],"3.8x":[226],"throughput":[227],"higher":[228],"than":[229],"other":[230],"management":[232],"methods":[233],"improves":[235],"lifespan":[237],"AES":[239],"10%":[241],"280%":[243],"longer":[244],"within":[245],"same":[247],"budget,":[249],"satisfying":[251],"all":[252],"performance":[253],"latency":[255],"requirements":[256],"across":[257],"various":[258],"scenarios.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}