{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399341456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2024.3404060","title":"ISSA: Architecting CNN Accelerators Using Input-Skippable, Set-Associative Computing-in-Memory","display_name":"ISSA: Architecting CNN Accelerators Using Input-Skippable, Set-Associative Computing-in-Memory","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399341456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2024.3404060"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2024.3404060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2024.3404060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023017360","display_name":"Yun-Chen Lo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1324-7649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun-Chen Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1324-7649","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059089862","display_name":"Jun-Shen Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3816-3350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun-Shen Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3816-3350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106557132","display_name":"Chia\u2010Chun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1067-4749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Chun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1067-4749","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103065482","display_name":"Yu-Chih Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5142-081X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Chih Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5142-081X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chih-Chen Yeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1556-0521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Chen Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1556-0521","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106557460","display_name":"Wen-Chien Ting","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0282-6095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Chien Ting","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0282-6095","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007060812","display_name":"Ren-Shuo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5311-4955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren-Shuo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5311-4955","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"],"apc_list":{"value":2495,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2495},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2344,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43737305,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"9","first_page":"2136","last_page":"2149"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dataflow","display_name":"Dataflow","score":0.7405431866645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.720180332660675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.6492987275123596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-addressable-memory","display_name":"Content-addressable memory","score":0.6206456422805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/associative-property","display_name":"Associative property","score":0.5566114187240601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.48472094535827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.4518139958381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4469161629676819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3593599796295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.32880741357803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3201693892478943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2955006957054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.28277939558029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.187745600938797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10990157723426819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.102977454662323}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96324660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205446","display_name":"Dataflow","level":2,"score":0.7405431866645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.720180332660675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.6492987275123596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53442348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745101","display_name":"Content-addressable memory","level":3,"score":0.6206456422805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159423971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177251","display_name":"Associative property","level":2,"score":0.5566114187240601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.48472094535827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4518139958381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4469161629676819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3593599796295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.32880741357803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3201693892478943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2955006957054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.28277939558029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.187745600938797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10990157723426819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.102977454662323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2024.3404060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2024.3404060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2792893539","https://openalex.org/W2913104037","https://openalex.org/W2943765373","https://openalex.org/W2963122961","https://openalex.org/W2963387357","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2998732502","https://openalex.org/W3000301330","https://openalex.org/W3015655039","https://openalex.org/W3015887053","https://openalex.org/W3016014942","https://openalex.org/W3016021860","https://openalex.org/W3048581975","https://openalex.org/W3133754064","https://openalex.org/W3134304371","https://openalex.org/W3135835558","https://openalex.org/W3139521791","https://openalex.org/W4243519499","https://openalex.org/W4253012315","https://openalex.org/W4254672563","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6787003673"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2293118914","https://openalex.org/W2998381397","https://openalex.org/W4236419692","https://openalex.org/W3167919718","https://openalex.org/W4251718783","https://openalex.org/W2171015181","https://openalex.org/W279701215","https://openalex.org/W2107697999","https://openalex.org/W1902246517","https://openalex.org/W3145837419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Among":[0],"several":[1],"emerging":[2],"architectures,":[3],"computing":[4],"in":[5,108],"memory":[6],"(CIM),":[7],"which":[8,56],"featuresin-situ":[9],"analog":[10,39],"computation,":[11],"is":[12],"a":[13,177,195],"potential":[14],"solution":[15],"to":[16,68,76,84,134,150,169,181,198,221,230],"the":[17,22,79,89,109,116,136,143,157,171,208,217,225],"data":[18,81],"movement":[19],"bottleneck":[20],"of":[21,33,118,142,188],"Von":[23],"Neumann":[24],"architecture":[25,104,215],"for":[26,155,200],"artificial":[27],"intelligence":[28],"(AI).":[29],"Interestingly,":[30],"more":[31],"strengths":[32],"CIM":[34,72],"significantly":[35],"different":[36],"from":[37],"in-situ":[38],"computation":[40,87],"are":[41,63,121],"not":[42],"widely":[43],"known":[44],"yet.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47,119],"work,":[48],"we":[49],"point":[50],"out":[51],"thatmutually":[52],"stationary":[53],"vectors":[54],"(MSVs),":[55],"can":[57,131],"be":[58,132],"maximized":[59],"by":[60,219,228],"introducingassociativityto":[61],"CIM,":[62],"another":[64],"inherent":[65],"power":[66],"unique":[67],"CIM.":[69],"By":[70],"MSVs,":[71],"exhibits":[73],"significant":[74],"freedom":[75],"dynamically":[77,90],"vectorize":[78],"stored":[80],"(e.g.,":[82],"weights)":[83],"perform":[85],"agile":[86],"using":[88],"formed":[91],"vectors.":[92,163],"We":[93,124,147,165,175,193],"have":[94],"designed":[95],"and":[96,102,105,139,161,224],"realized":[97],"an":[98],"SA-CIM":[99,149],"silicon":[100],"prototype":[101],"corresponding":[103],"acceleration":[106],"schemes":[107],"TSMC":[110],"28":[111],"nm":[112],"process.":[113],"More":[114],"specifically,":[115],"contributions":[117],"paper":[120],"fivefold:":[122],"1)":[123],"identify":[125],"MSVs":[126,152],"as":[127],"new":[128],"features":[129],"that":[130],"exploited":[133],"improve":[135],"current":[137],"performance":[138],"energy":[140,226],"challenges":[141],"CIM-based":[144],"hardware.":[145],"2)":[146],"propose":[148,166,176,194],"enhance":[151,170],"(input-reordering":[153],"flexibility)":[154],"skipping":[156,203],"zeros,":[158],"small":[159],"values,":[160],"sparse":[162],"3)":[164],"channel":[167],"swapping":[168],"zero-skipping":[172],"technique.":[173],"4)":[174],"transposed":[178],"systolic":[179],"dataflow":[180],"efficiently":[182],"conduct":[183],"conv3\u00d73":[184],"while":[185,206],"being":[186],"capable":[187],"exploiting":[189],"input-skipping":[190],"schemes.":[191],"5)":[192],"design":[196],"flow":[197],"search":[199],"optimal":[201],"aggressive":[202],"scheme":[204],"setups":[205],"satisfying":[207],"accuracy":[209],"loss":[210],"constraint.":[211],"The":[212],"proposed":[213],"ISSA":[214],"improves":[216],"throughput":[218],"1.91\u00d7":[220],"2.97\u00d7":[222],"speedup":[223],"efficiency":[227],"2.5\u00d7":[229],"4.2\u00d7.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
