{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390357251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2023.3347671","title":"Joint Virtual Network Function Placement and Flow Routing in Edge-Cloud Continuum","display_name":"Joint Virtual Network Function Placement and Flow Routing in Edge-Cloud Continuum","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390357251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2023.3347671"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2023.3347671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2023.3347671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090711707","display_name":"Yingling Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6135-6903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingling Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6135-6903","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007414004","display_name":"Xiaojun Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6047-1109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Texas, Arlington, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6047-1109","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Texas, Arlington, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059051382","display_name":"Yu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3267-6497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3267-6497","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100638446","display_name":"Yuanyuan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7296-9222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7296-9222","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2345,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2345},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8872,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86059258,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"3","first_page":"872","last_page":"886"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7881035804748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7743602991104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-network","display_name":"Virtual network","score":0.6781798005104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-algorithm","display_name":"Online algorithm","score":0.6058042645454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximation-algorithm","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","score":0.5649617314338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5476093888282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4952808916568756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.48792383074760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-analysis","display_name":"Competitive analysis","score":0.47182732820510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4673721194267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.4383883476257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.4228188097476959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.41316935420036316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4085032641887665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33857521414756775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.30877959728240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1360246241092682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10639700293540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10369744896888733}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7881035804748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7743602991104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776874963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Virtual network","level":2,"score":0.6781798005104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196921405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786431","display_name":"Online algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6058042645454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148764684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621751","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5649617314338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5476093888282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4952808916568756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.48792383074760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102408133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156350","display_name":"Competitive analysis","level":3,"score":0.47182732820510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4673721194267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.4383883476257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.4228188097476959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.41316935420036316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4085032641887665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33857521414756775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.30877959728240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1360246241092682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10639700293540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10369744896888733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2023.3347671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2023.3347671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1654034753","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1730291","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3060777852","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1526162","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5241616569","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1717731","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdzmk74"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W180759793","https://openalex.org/W203276351","https://openalex.org/W1578960134","https://openalex.org/W1595545560","https://openalex.org/W2000238032","https://openalex.org/W2018653698","https://openalex.org/W2028413050","https://openalex.org/W2118404561","https://openalex.org/W2414114959","https://openalex.org/W2416799949","https://openalex.org/W2586118222","https://openalex.org/W2786348542","https://openalex.org/W2792251914","https://openalex.org/W2792866491","https://openalex.org/W2901980690","https://openalex.org/W2903316082","https://openalex.org/W2917874104","https://openalex.org/W2964164603","https://openalex.org/W2973288277","https://openalex.org/W2992748881","https://openalex.org/W3014865026","https://openalex.org/W3047037323","https://openalex.org/W3047197714","https://openalex.org/W3047208416","https://openalex.org/W3101743077","https://openalex.org/W3107278912","https://openalex.org/W3119483972","https://openalex.org/W4283206493","https://openalex.org/W4283207419","https://openalex.org/W4283220667","https://openalex.org/W4285325258","https://openalex.org/W4318586145","https://openalex.org/W6607336006","https://openalex.org/W6635630268"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4213299358","https://openalex.org/W2564742953","https://openalex.org/W2793095688","https://openalex.org/W1623410360","https://openalex.org/W3115340459","https://openalex.org/W2950803469","https://openalex.org/W2583614279","https://openalex.org/W2004975914","https://openalex.org/W2109659895","https://openalex.org/W1930615501"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"Function":[1,43],"Virtualization":[2],"(NFV)":[3],"is":[4],"becoming":[5],"one":[6],"of":[7,34,65,153,189],"the":[8,32,53,59,63,76,99,109,131,136,150,165,173,183,187],"most":[9],"popular":[10,184],"paradigms":[11],"for":[12,93,106,126],"providing":[13],"cost-efficient,":[14],"flexible,":[15],"and":[16,51,69,134,156,162,169],"easily-managed":[17],"network":[18,22,48],"services":[19],"by":[20,102],"migrating":[21],"functions":[23,49],"from":[24],"dedicated":[25],"hardware":[26],"to":[27,40],"commercial":[28],"general-purpose":[29],"servers.":[30],"Despite":[31],"benefits":[33],"NFV,":[35],"it":[36],"remains":[37],"a":[38,89,94,103,115,140],"challenge":[39],"deploy":[41],"Service":[42],"Chains":[44],"(SFCs),":[45],"placing":[46],"virtual":[47],"(VNFs)":[50],"routing":[52],"corresponding":[54],"flow":[55],"between":[56],"VNFs,":[57],"in":[58,108,130],"edge-cloud":[60,110,132],"continuum":[61,133],"with":[62],"objective":[64],"jointly":[66],"optimizing":[67],"resource":[68],"latency.":[70],"In":[71,176],"this":[72,83],"paper,":[73],"we":[74,86,121],"formulate":[75],"SFC":[77],"Deployment":[78],"Problem":[79],"(SFCD).":[80],"To":[81],"address":[82],"NP-hard":[84],"problem,":[85],"first":[87],"introduce":[88],"constant":[90,117,141],"approximation":[91,118],"algorithm":[92,105,125,138],"simplified":[95],"SFCD":[96,107],"limited":[97],"at":[98],"edge,":[100],"followed":[101],"promotional":[104],"continuum,":[111],"which":[112],"also":[113],"maintains":[114],"provable":[116],"ratio.":[119,143],"Furthermore,":[120],"provide":[122],"an":[123],"online":[124,137,157],"deploying":[127],"sequentially-arriving":[128],"SFCs":[129],"prove":[135],"achieves":[139],"competitive":[142],"Extensive":[144],"simulations":[145],"demonstrate":[146],"that":[147],"on":[148],"average,":[149],"total":[151],"costs":[152],"our":[154,178,190],"offline":[155],"algorithms":[158,180],"are":[159],"around":[160],"1.79":[161],"1.80":[163],"times":[164],"optimal":[166],"results,":[167],"respectively,":[168],"significantly":[170],"smaller":[171],"than":[172],"theoretical":[174],"bounds.":[175],"addition,":[177],"proposed":[179],"consistently":[181],"outperform":[182],"benchmarks,":[185],"showing":[186],"superiority":[188],"algorithms.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}