{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389104630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2023.3337313","title":"Energy-Efficient Exposed Datapath Architecture With a RISC-V Instruction Set Mode","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Exposed Datapath Architecture With a RISC-V Instruction Set Mode","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389104630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2023.3337313"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2023.3337313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2023.3337313","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/12/4358213/10330894.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/12/4358213/10330894.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023876128","display_name":"Kari Hepola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7365-3374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kari Hepola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7365-3374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005044811","display_name":"Joonas Multanen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4438-2031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joonas Multanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4438-2031","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050272735","display_name":"Pekka J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5707-8544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pekka J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5707-8544","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":{"value":800,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":862},"fwci":1.8554,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85494825,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"2","first_page":"560","last_page":"573"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/datapath","display_name":"Datapath","score":0.9076722860336304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8728948831558228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-set","display_name":"Instruction set","score":0.8447129726409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-long-instruction-word","display_name":"Very long instruction word","score":0.7969412803649902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.6375664472579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microarchitecture","display_name":"Microarchitecture","score":0.5783641934394836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-specific-instruction-set-processor","display_name":"Application-specific instruction-set processor","score":0.5698388814926147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduced-instruction-set-computing","display_name":"Reduced instruction set computing","score":0.5406671166419983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-level-parallelism","display_name":"Instruction-level parallelism","score":0.5011544227600098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4956473112106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opcode","display_name":"Opcode","score":0.48242267966270447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-generation","display_name":"Code generation","score":0.4595121443271637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4363696575164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.358084499835968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.19607016444206238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.12357687950134277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11633381247520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallelism","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","score":0.09915056824684143}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781198647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1633673","display_name":"Datapath","level":2,"score":0.9076722860336304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8728948831558228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.8447129726409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170595534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249743","display_name":"Very long instruction word","level":2,"score":0.7969412803649902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.6375664472579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107598950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259864","display_name":"Microarchitecture","level":2,"score":0.5783641934394836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201736964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621583","display_name":"Application-specific instruction-set processor","level":3,"score":0.5698388814926147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126298526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189376","display_name":"Reduced instruction set computing","level":3,"score":0.5406671166419983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140763907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2714055","display_name":"Instruction-level parallelism","level":3,"score":0.5011544227600098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4956473112106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52173422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766483","display_name":"Opcode","level":2,"score":0.48242267966270447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.4595121443271637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4363696575164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.358084499835968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.19607016444206238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.12357687950134277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11633381247520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781172179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853109","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.09915056824684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2023.3337313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2023.3337313","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/12/4358213/10330894.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/207489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/207489","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055260","display_name":"Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2023.3337313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2023.3337313","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/12/4358213/10330894.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389104630.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389104630.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506687165","https://openalex.org/W1983592488","https://openalex.org/W1999085092","https://openalex.org/W2038304658","https://openalex.org/W2058201858","https://openalex.org/W2058693334","https://openalex.org/W2079530268","https://openalex.org/W2080859692","https://openalex.org/W2090939166","https://openalex.org/W2107802282","https://openalex.org/W2111348204","https://openalex.org/W2125928887","https://openalex.org/W2129962996","https://openalex.org/W2136239973","https://openalex.org/W2154172818","https://openalex.org/W2156499539","https://openalex.org/W2245451942","https://openalex.org/W2512675568","https://openalex.org/W2533651815","https://openalex.org/W2562276894","https://openalex.org/W2562747857","https://openalex.org/W2588191434","https://openalex.org/W2595507424","https://openalex.org/W2770020066","https://openalex.org/W2907257817","https://openalex.org/W2912012512","https://openalex.org/W2918779393","https://openalex.org/W2930660349","https://openalex.org/W2963255460","https://openalex.org/W3090225637","https://openalex.org/W3145845767","https://openalex.org/W3148444620","https://openalex.org/W4230553286","https://openalex.org/W4230619605","https://openalex.org/W4231070018","https://openalex.org/W4231959939","https://openalex.org/W4240982339","https://openalex.org/W4312490412","https://openalex.org/W4313066767","https://openalex.org/W4387886087","https://openalex.org/W4387951155","https://openalex.org/W6731058201"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099279072","https://openalex.org/W2145303974","https://openalex.org/W2611818882","https://openalex.org/W4250004442","https://openalex.org/W2556885209","https://openalex.org/W2050874000","https://openalex.org/W1996222737","https://openalex.org/W2148099609","https://openalex.org/W2137204728","https://openalex.org/W2163046274"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transport":[0],"triggered":[1],"architectures":[2,40],"(TTAs)":[3],"follow":[4],"the":[5,21,25,64,123,153,166,175],"static":[6,145],"programming":[7,26],"model":[8,151],"of":[9,20,86,114,152,187],"very":[10],"long":[11],"instruction":[12,48,66,73,87,106,141,167],"word":[13],"(VLIW)":[14],"processors":[15,59],"but":[16,33],"expose":[17],"additional":[18],"information":[19],"processor":[22],"datapath":[23,110],"in":[24,35,79,174,181],"interface,":[27],"which":[28,179],"enables":[29,62],"low-level":[30],"code":[31,37,77,138,146],"optimizations":[32],"results":[34],"lower":[36,165,192],"density.":[38],"Multi-instruction-set":[39],"add":[41],"flexiblity":[42],"via":[43],"their":[44],"ability":[45],"to":[46,121,135,156,164],"switch":[47],"sets":[49,107,142],"during":[50],"execution.":[51],"The":[52],"added":[53],"flexibility":[54],"is":[55,133],"interesting":[56],"for":[57,84,139],"VLIW-style":[58],"because":[60],"it":[61],"reducing":[63],"large":[65],"stream":[67,168],"energy":[68,169,184],"footprint":[69],"by":[70,112],"using":[71],"an":[72],"set":[74],"with":[75,81,108],"enhanced":[76],"density":[78],"regions":[80],"limited":[82],"opportunities":[83],"exploitation":[85],"level":[88],"parallelism.":[89],"In":[90,119],"this":[91],"article,":[92],"we":[93,127,161],"introduce":[94,128],"a":[95,115,129,149,157,182,190],"dual":[96],"instruction-set":[97],"architecture,":[98],"\u201dDual-IS\u201d,":[99],"that":[100,132],"implements":[101],"both":[102,140],"RISC-V":[103],"and":[104,148,189],"TTA":[105,159],"shared":[109],"resources":[111],"means":[113],"lightweight":[116],"microcode":[117],"unit.":[118],"order":[120],"utilize":[122],"flexible":[124],"architecture":[125],"automatically,":[126],"compilation":[130],"method":[131],"able":[134,163],"independently":[136],"target":[137],"based":[143],"on":[144,172],"analysis":[147],"microarchitectural":[150],"processor.":[154],"Compared":[155],"single-ISA":[158],"processor,":[160],"were":[162],"consumption":[170,185],"45%":[171],"average":[173],"best":[176],"design":[177],"point,":[178],"resulted":[180],"total":[183],"reduction":[186],"26%":[188],"0.4%":[191],"run":[193],"time.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}